Wild garlic

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Introduction

This page is the result of the aggregation of content from 15 sources. At Phyto-info, we have indexed, assembled and synthesized all the information found to summarize it, to make it readable and easy to access. We have carefully selected our sources from recognized and reliable people.

Physician(s) 1
Pharmacist(s) 4
Herbalist(s) 9
Researcher(s) 1

Physicians Dr. Patrick Depoërs graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of Lille in 1984; he practices homeopathy, acupuncture, phytotherapy, aromatherapy, nutritherapy and osteopathy in Dunkirk. Dr. Franck Ledoux obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1982 from the Lille University Hospital; He practices holistic medicine. Dr. Philippe Meurin obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1988, he also graduated in acupuncture, homeopathy and phytotherapy; he teaches at the GREAT.
Pharmacists Dr. Claudine Luu is a doctor of pharmacy and natural sciences, she founded the Phytofrance laboratory, as well as the oldest herbalist school in France, IMDERPLAM located in the Hérault. Its co-author, Dr. Annie Fournier, is a doctor of pharmacy, specializing in phytotherapy and relaxation therapies.
Pharmacist Dr. Carole Minker, pharmacist, has studied the traditional uses of medicinal plants by people around the world.
Pharmacist Dr. Gilles Corjon is a doctor of pharmacy. Dr. Gilles Corjon is a doctor of pharmacy. Co-manager of a traditional herbalist shop for more than 25 years, he is currently a teacher and scientific director at the Lyon School of Medicinal Plants and Natural Knowledge.
Pharmacist Dr. Carole Minker, pharmacist, has studied the traditional uses of medicinal plants by people around the world.
Herbalist Yves Vanopdenbosch is a graduate hospital nurse trained in Belgium, he directs the École des Plantes where he teaches traditional European phytotherapy.
Herbalist Pierre Lieutaghi (1939-2023) was pursuing research on the relationships between plants and societies in Western Europe. He was scientific manager of the Salagon ethnobotanical garden in Haute Provence. He was one of the best connoisseurs of traditional knowledge in the field of herbal remedies in France.
Herbalist Terry Breverton, a contemporary British author with a passion for Welsh heritage, has rewritten Culpeper's famous book for a more modern audience. Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) was an English botanist known as the poor man's doctor, making herbal medicine accessible to all. His book, commonly referred to as Culpeper's Complete Herbal, was a huge success when it was first published and has been reprinted ever since.
Herbalist Julie Bruton-Seal is a qualified herbalist, craniosacral practitioner, iridologist and natural healer. She graduated from the Selfheal School, under the direction of Dr. Jill Davies and Christopher Hobbs, in 2000, and is a member of the Association of Master Herborists (AMH). Matthew Seal has a degree in History from the University of Sussex and has worked as an editor and writer in the UK and South Africa since the 1970s.
Herbalist Paul-Victor Fournier (1877-1964) was a French canon and botanist. His major work, 'Les quatre flores de France', published between 1934 and 1940, remains a reference work for the identification of plants in the field.
Herbalist Maria Treben (1907-1991) was an Austrian herbalist and author. She was interested in the 'simples', the ordinary and common healing plants, and collected the recipes and traditional applications of these plants in several books, the most famous of which was 'Gesundheit aus der Apotheke Gottes', translated into 24 languages.
Herbalist Andrew Chevallier is an experienced medical herbalist and author of books on botanical medicine. He is a member and past president of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists and a member of the College of Practitioners of Herbal Medicine. He also helped found the Herbal Medicine Course at Middlesex University.
Herbalist Michel Dubray is an herbalist, a diploma approved by the French community in Belgium. He is also a nutritherapist who graduated from the School of Natural Medicine and Ethnomedicine in Paris.
Herbalist Yves Vanopdenbosch is a graduate hospital nurse trained in Belgium, he directs the École des Plantes where he teaches traditional European phytotherapy.
Researchers Danuta Sobolewska, Irma Podolak and Justyna Makowska-Wąs are pharmacognosy researchers at the University of Jagiellonian in Poland.

However, Phyto-info is not responsible for what these sources tell us. We only report them in a different format.

Practical information

Family

Amaryllidaceae

Parts used

Fresh leaf

Picking info

Pick young leaves in spring before flowers blossom and use them quickly before they wilt

Medicine cabinet

Tincture fresh leaves

54 traditional uses

PreparationPartFormUse
Crohn’s disease 1 Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 150, "Crohn’s disease"]. Merlin Unwin Books.	✓	✓
Abdominal bloating 2 Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 150, "bloating"]. Merlin Unwin Books. Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "ballonnement"]. Editions Amyris.	✓	✓
Arteriosclerosis 5 Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 60, "artériosclérose"]. Omnibus. Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 55, "artériosclérose"]. Actes Sud. Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "artériosclérose"]. Terre Vivante. Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 30, "artériosclérose"]. Ennsthaler. Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "artériosclérose"]. Editions Amyris.	✓	✓
Arteritis 1 Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "artérite des membres inférieurs"]. Editions Amyris.	✓	✓
Asthma 2 Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "asthmas"]. Quercus. Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "asthma"]. Penguin Random House.	✓	✓
Bacterial infection 1 Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 92, "bacterial […] strains"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0			✓
Bronchitis 6 Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "coughs"]. Quercus. Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "bronchitis"]. Penguin Random House. Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 54, "bronchite chronique"]. Actes Sud. Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 25, "bronchite"]. Tana. Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "bronchitis"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0 Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "toux"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Callosity 3 Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 57, "cors […] durillons"]. Actes Sud. Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 25, "cors, durillons"]. Tana. Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "cors […] durillons"]. Editions Amyris.			✓
Candidiasis 1 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "candidoses digestives"]. Larousse.	✓	✓
Cardiopathy 1 Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 30, "troubles cardiaques"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Cardiovascular problem 2 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "troubles cardiovasculaires"]. Larousse. Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "cardiovascular diseases"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0	✓	✓
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2 Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "emphysema"]. Penguin Random House. Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 54, "emphysème"]. Actes Sud.	✓	✓
Cold 2 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 25, "rhumes"]. Tana. Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "common cold"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0	✓	✓
Colic 4 Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 150, "colic"]. Merlin Unwin Books. Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "colic"]. Penguin Random House. Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 55, "spasmes intestinaux"]. Actes Sud. Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 30, "coliques"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Colitis 1 Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 150, "chronic colitis"]. Merlin Unwin Books.	✓	✓
Cut 1 Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 150, "minor cuts"]. Merlin Unwin Books.			✓
Dermatosis 5 Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 148, "skin problems"]. Merlin Unwin Books. Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 60, "éruptions cutanées chroniques"]. Omnibus. Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 91, "chronic skin disorders"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0 Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 30, "maladies chroniques de la peau"]. Ennsthaler. Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "dermatose chronique"]. Editions Amyris.	✓	✓	✓
Diarrhea 3 Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "diarrhoea"]. Penguin Random House. Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 55, "diarrhées infectieuses"]. Actes Sud. Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 30, "diarrhées"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Digestive atony 1 Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "atonie digestive"]. Terre Vivante.	✓	✓
Dysentery 1 Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 55, "dysenterie"]. Actes Sud.	✓	✓
Dyspepsia 4 Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "indigestion"]. Penguin Random House. Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 60, "troubles digestifs"]. Omnibus. Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 55, "troubles digestifs d’origine nerveuse"]. Actes Sud. Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "digestion difficile"]. Terre Vivante.	✓	✓
Dyspnea 1 Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "dyspnée"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Eczema 1 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 25, "eczéma"]. Tana.	✓	✓	✓
Edema 2 Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "oedema"]. Quercus. Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "hydropisie"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Enteritis 1 Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 150, "bowel problems"]. Merlin Unwin Books.	✓	✓
Flatulence 3 Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 150, "flatulence"]. Merlin Unwin Books. Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "wind"]. Penguin Random House. Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 30, "gaz"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Furuncle 2 Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 150, "boils"]. Merlin Unwin Books. Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 25, "furoncles"]. Tana.			✓
Gastralgia 1 Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 55, "spasmes […] gastriques"]. Actes Sud.	✓	✓
Gastroenteritis 3 Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 150, "chronic gastroenteritis"]. Merlin Unwin Books. Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "gastroentérite"]. Terre Vivante. Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "troubles gastro-intestinaux"]. Larousse.	✓	✓
Headache 1 Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "pression dans la tête"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Hypercholesterolemia 2 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "cholestérol"]. Larousse. Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "hypercholestérolémie"]. Editions Amyris.	✓	✓
Hypertension 6 Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "blood pressure"]. Penguin Random House. Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 55, "hypertension"]. Actes Sud. Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "hypertension artérielle"]. Terre Vivante. Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "tension artérielle"]. Larousse. Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "tension trop élevée"]. Ennsthaler. Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "hypertension artérielle"]. Editions Amyris.	✓	✓
Inappetence 2 Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "lack of appetite"]. Penguin Random House. Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "manque d’appétit"]. Terre Vivante.	✓	✓
Infected wound 2 Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 91, "wound healing"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0 Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "plaies guérissant mal"]. Ennsthaler.			✓
Influenza 1 Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 54, "grippe"]. Actes Sud.	✓	✓
Insect bite 1 Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 57, "piqûres d’insectes"]. Actes Sud.			✓
Insomnia 1 Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 30, "insomnies"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Intestinal parasite infection 5 Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "threadworms"]. Penguin Random House. Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "ascarides […] oxyures"]. Actes Sud. Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "parasites intestinaux"]. Terre Vivante. Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 30, "vers"]. Ennsthaler. Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "oxyures"]. Editions Amyris.	✓	✓
Memory disorder 1 Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 30, "mémoire"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Menopausal disorder 1 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "troubles de la ménopause"]. Larousse.	✓	✓
Mycosis 2 Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 92, "fungal strains"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0 Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "mycose"]. Editions Amyris.			✓
Pharyngitis 1 Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "sore throats"]. Quercus.	✓	✓
Platelet aggregation 3 Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "agrégation plaquettaire"]. Terre Vivante. Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "agrégation des plaquettes"]. Larousse. Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 91, "platelet aggregation"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0	✓	✓
Psoriasis 1 Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "psoriasis"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓	✓
Respiratory problem 3 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "affections respiratoires"]. Larousse. Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "respiratory problems"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0 Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "troubles respiratoires"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Rheumatism 2 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 25, "rhumatismes"]. Tana. Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "rhumatismes"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Rosacea 2 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 25, "acné"]. Tana. Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 91, "acne"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0	✓	✓	✓
Scab 1 Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "dartres"]. Ennsthaler.			✓
Tuberculosis 2 Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 54, "tuberculose"]. Actes Sud. Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "phtisie"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Vaginal yeast infection 1 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "candidoses […] vaginales"]. Larousse.	✓	✓
Venous insufficiency 1 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "troubles circulatoires"]. Larousse.	✓	✓
Verrucosity 3 Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 57, "verrues"]. Actes Sud. Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 25, "verrues"]. Tana. Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "verrues"]. Editions Amyris.			✓
Vertigo 1 Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "vertiges"]. Ennsthaler.	✓	✓
Whooping cough 1 Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 55, "coqueluche"]. Actes Sud.	✓	✓

Dosages

Poultice externally

Wash and pound some fresh leaves and apply 10 minutes locally without spilling over into the healthy area 2
- Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 150, "mashing a fresh ramson leaf to place on [boils and cuts]"]. Merlin Unwin Books.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 25, "pilez des feuilles fraîches et appliquez-les 10 min, sans déborder sur la zone saine, renouvelez chaque jour jusqu’à disparition de la plaie [acné, eczéma, furoncles, cors, durillons, verrues]"]. Tana.

Internal intake

Add finely chopped fresh leaves to your cooking 4
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "la plante est à consommer fraîche"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "consommez ces parties aériennes fraîches en pleine saison"]. Larousse.
- Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 30, "fraîche […] et non bouilli […] on peut préparer les feuilles comme des épinards ou en salade"]. Ennsthaler.
- Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "feuilles fraîches […] coupées menu […] et mises sur […] les plats"]. Ennsthaler.

Internal tincture

Take 5 to 10 drops diluted in a glass of water 1 to 3 times a day 5
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 35, "5 à 10 gouttes 2 fois par jour"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 44, "30 gouttes par jour"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 55, "20 à 30 gouttes avant chacun des deux repas par période de deux jours intercalées avec des repos de deux jours […] à prendre dans un peu d’eau"]. Actes Sud.
- Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 30, "10 à 12 gouttes […] par jour dans un peu d’eau"]. Ennsthaler.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "XX gouttes 3 fois par jour dans un peu d’eau"]. Editions Amyris.

30 plant properties

Anti-bacterial 3
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 54, "bactéricide"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 92, "antibacterial"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "antibactérien"]. Editions Amyris.
Anti-inflammatory 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 91, "anti-inflammatory"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Anti-tumoral 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 81, "cytotoxic"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Antiaggregant 4
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "diminution de l’agrégation plaquettaire"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "inhibant le processus d’agrégation plaquettaire"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 91, "antiaggregatory effect"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "antiagrégant plaquettaire"]. Editions Amyris.
Anticoagulant 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "diminue la coagulation sanguine"]. Larousse.
Antifungal 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "antifongique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 92, "antifungal"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "antifongique"]. Editions Amyris.
Antioxidant 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "antioxydant"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 81, "antioxidant"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "antioxydant"]. Editions Amyris.
Antiseptic 3
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "disinfectants"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 54, "antiseptique"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 92, "antimicrobial"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Antispasmodic 1
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 55, "antispasmodique"]. Actes Sud.
Aperitive 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "apéritif"]. Terre Vivante.
Balances the gut flora 1
- Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 150, "balances the gut flora"]. Merlin Unwin Books.
Cardio-protective 4
- Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 150, "helps protect the heart"]. Merlin Unwin Books.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "cardioprotecteur"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "protecteur du coeur"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 81, "cardioprotective"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Cardiovascular protective 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "bienfaits cardiovasculaires"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "prevent cardiovascular diseases"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "protecteur cardiovasculaire"]. Editions Amyris.
Counterirritant 1
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "révulsif"]. Actes Sud.
Depurative 4
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 60, "dépuratif"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "dépuratives"]. Larousse.
- Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 31, "dépuratif"]. Ennsthaler.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "dépuratif"]. Editions Amyris.
Digestive 4
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "tonic to the digestion"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "digestif"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "digestive stimulant"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
- Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 30, "effet sur l’estomac et l’intestin"]. Ennsthaler.
Diuretic 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "diuretic"]. Quercus.
Expectorant 1
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 54, "expectorant"]. Actes Sud.
Febrifuge 1
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 54, "fébrifuge"]. Actes Sud.
Hypocholesterolemic 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "diminue les taux de cholestérol"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "hypocholestérolémiant"]. Editions Amyris.
Hypoglycemic 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "diminue […] la glycémie"]. Larousse.
Hypotensive 5
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "lowers high blood pressure"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 54, "hypotenseur"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "antihypertensif"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "diminution de la tension artérielle"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "hypotenseur"]. Editions Amyris.
Intestinal antiseptic 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "antiseptique intestinal"]. Terre Vivante.
Mucolytic 1
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 55, "fluidifiante sur les sécrétions"]. Actes Sud.
Parasiticide 3
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 54, "vermifuge"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "anthelminthique"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "vermifuge"]. Editions Amyris.
Rubefacient 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "rubéfiant"]. Editions Amyris.
Tonic 2
- Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 148, "gentle tonic"]. Merlin Unwin Books.
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 54, "stimulant"]. Actes Sud.
Vasodilator 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "dilatation des vaisseaux"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "vasodilatateur"]. Editions Amyris.
Vasoprotective 1
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 33, "protection vasculaire"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
Vasotonic 2
- Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 148, "improves the circulation"]. Merlin Unwin Books.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "bénéfique pour la circulation"]. Larousse.

59 constituents

Adenosine 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "adenosine"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Ajoene 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 86, "ajoenes"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Alanine 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "alanine"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Aldehyde 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 60, "aldéhyde instable"]. Omnibus.
Allicin 4
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 54, "allicine"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "allicine"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 85, "allicin"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 28, "allicine"]. Editions Amyris.
Alliin 2
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 83, "alliin"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 28, "alliine"]. Editions Amyris.
Alpha-linolenic acid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "α-linolenic […] acid"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Amino acid 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "amino acids"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "amino acids"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Arginine 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "arginine"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Asparagine 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "asparagine"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Aspartic acid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "aspartic acid"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Astragalin 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "astragaline"]. Larousse.
Carotenoid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "carotenoids"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Chlorophyll B 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "chlorophyll b"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Copper 1
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "cuivre"]. Actes Sud.
Cysteine sulfoxide 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 84, "cysteine sulfoxides"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Diallyl disulfide 2
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "disulfure d’allyle"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 28, "disulfure d’allyle"]. Editions Amyris.
Diallyle sulfide 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "sulfures d’allyle"]. Larousse.
Dithiin 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 86, "dithiins"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Essential oil 3
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "essential oil"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 44, "H.E."]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 28, "huile essentielle soufrée"]. Editions Amyris.
Fatty acid 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "fatty acids"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 89, "fatty acids"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Ferulic acid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 88, "ferulic […] acids"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Flavonoid 4
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "flavonoïde"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "flavonoïdes"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 88, "flavonoid"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 28, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Amyris.
Fructan 3
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "fructosanes"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "fructanes"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 89, "fructans"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Glutamic acid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "glutamic acid"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Glutamine 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "glutamine"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Glycine 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "glycine"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Inulin 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "inuline"]. Terre Vivante.
Iodine 1
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "iode"]. Actes Sud.
Iron 3
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "fer"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "fer"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "iron"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Kaempferol 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "kaempférol"]. Larousse.
Kaempferol derivative 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 88, "kaempferol derivatives"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Lectin 2
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 89, "lectins"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 28, "lectines"]. Editions Amyris.
Linoleic acid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 89, "linoleic […] acid"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Magnesium 2
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "magnésium"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "magnesium"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Manganese 2
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "manganèse"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "manganese"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Myristic acid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "myristic acid"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Oleic acid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "oleic […] acid"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Organic sulfur 1
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "soufre organique"]. Actes Sud.
P-coumaric acid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 88, "p-coumaric […] acids"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Palmitic acid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 89, "palmitic […] acid"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Palmitoleic acid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "palmitoleic […] acid"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Phenolic acid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 88, "phenolic acids"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Phenolic compound 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 88, "phenolic compounds"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Phosphorus 1
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "phosphore"]. Actes Sud.
Polysaccharide 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "polysaccharides"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 89, "polysaccharides"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Saponin 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "saponines"]. Larousse.
Stearic acid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "stearic […] acid"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Steroidal glycoside 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "steroidal glucosides"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 88, "steroidal glycosides"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Steroidal saponin 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 81, "steroidal saponins"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Sulfide 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 83, "(poly)sulfides"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Sulfoxide 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 83, "sulfoxides"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Sulfur compound 3
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "composés soufrés"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "composés soufrés"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 81, "sulfur compound"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Thiosulfinate 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "thiosulfinates"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 83, "thiosulphinates"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Threonine 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 90, "threonine"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Vanillic acid 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 88, "vanillic acids"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Vinyl sulfide 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 60, "sulfure […] de vinyle"]. Omnibus.
Vitamin B9 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "vitamine B9"]. Terre Vivante.
Vitamin C 4
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 44, "vitamine C"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 42, "vitamine C"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 28, "vitamine C"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 28, "vitamine C"]. Editions Amyris.

12 common names

Badger’s flower 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "badger’s flower"]. Quercus.
Badger’s garlic 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "badger’s garlic"]. Quercus.
Bear’s garlic 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 81, "bear’s garlic"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Bear’s garlic’ 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "bear’s garlic"]. Quercus.
Broad-leaved garlic 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "broad-leaved garlic"]. Quercus.
Buckrams 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "buckrams"]. Quercus.
Devil’s garlic 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "devil’s garlic"]. Quercus.
Gipsy onion 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "gipsy onion"]. Quercus.
Ramsons 5
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "ramsons"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 148, "ramsons"]. Merlin Unwin Books.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "ramsons"]. Penguin Random House.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 60, "ramsons"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 81, "ramson"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Stinking Jenny 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "stinking Jenny"]. Quercus.
Wild garlic 4
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "wild garlic"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 148, "wild garlic"]. Merlin Unwin Books.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "wild garlic"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 81, "wild garlic"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Wood garlic 2
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "wood garlic"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 150, "wood garlic"]. Merlin Unwin Books.

4 scientific names

Allium latifolium 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 81, "A. latifolium"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Allium nemorale 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 81, "Allium nemorale"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
Allium ursinum 13
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "Allium ursinum"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 148, "Allium ursinum"]. Merlin Unwin Books.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 168, "Allium ursinum"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 35, "Allium ursinum"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 31, "Allium ursinum"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 44, "Allium ursinum L."]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 60, "Allium ursinum L."]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 58, "Allium ursinum L."]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 42, "Allium ursinum"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "Allium ursinum"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 81, "Allium ursinum"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
- Twentieth century Austrian herbalist Treben, M. (2017). La santé à la pharmacie du Bon Dieu : conseils d'utilisation des plantes médicinales [p. 29, "Allium ursinum"]. Ennsthaler.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 28, "Allium ursinum L."]. Editions Amyris.
Ophioscorodon ursinum 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 81, "Ophioscorodon ursinum"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0

Conditions of use

Contraindications

Contraindicated in case of gastric, intestinal and/or urinary irritation 2
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "irritations gastrique, intestinale et urinaire"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "à éviter en cas d’irritation gastrique, intestinale et urinaire"]. Terre Vivante.

Contraindicated in case of inflammation of the respiratory tract 2
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "états d’inflammation des voies respiratoires"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "à éviter en cas […] d’inflammations des voies respiratoires"]. Terre Vivante.

Contraindicated in case of skin diseases 1
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "maladies de peau"]. Actes Sud.

Toxicity

The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note

Side effects

Risk of allergic reactions 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 94, "allergic reactions to some garlic constituents"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0

Risk of gastric irritation at high doses 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 44, "aucun si l’on respecte les doses, dans le cas contraire […] irritation gastrique"]. Editions Lucien Souny.

Risk of hemolytic anemia 1
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 94, "evidence of hemolytic anemia due to oxidative damage to erythrocytes"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0

Drug interactions

Do not use with anticoagulant treatment 2
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 44, "peut interférer avec les traitements anticoagulants"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 94, "enhance existing anticoagulant therapy"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0

Precautions for use

Do not confuse it with autumn crocus, lily of the valley and white hellebore, all toxic or even fatal 4
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 44, "peut être confondu avec le muguet qui est toxique"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 42, "risque de confusion de l’ail des ours […] avec le muguet […] ou la colchique […] qui sont toxiques"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 29, "confusions sont possibles entre l’ail des ours et des espèces toxiques […] le colchique d’automne (Colchicum autumnale), le muguet de mai (Convallaria majalis) et le vérâtre blanc (Veratrum album)"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Polish pharmacognosy researchers Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Was, J. (2015). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview [p. 94, "fatal poisoning by ingestion of toxic plants […] as ramson […] autumn crocus (meadow saffron, Colchicum autumnale), the lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis), and white hellebore (Veratrum album)"]. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0

None at recommended doses 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 29, "aucune aux doses recommandées"]. Editions Amyris.

Children

Do not use in children under 18 years of age 2
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "son emploi chez l’enfant doit […] rester très prudent"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "utiliser avec prudence chez les enfants"]. Terre Vivante.

Pregnant or breastfeeding women

Do not use if pregnant or breast-feeding 2
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 56, "les femmes qui allaitent doivent le supprimer de leur alimentation"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 43, "ne pas utiliser pendant la grossesse et l’allaitement"]. Terre Vivante.

Energetics

Tastes

Acrid 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 358, "acrid"]. Quercus.

Hot 2
- Contemporary English herbalist & English author Bruton-Seal, J., & Seal, M. (2008). Hedgerow medicine: harvest and make your own herbal remedies [p. 148, "piquant flavour (feuille)"]. Merlin Unwin Books.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 42, "piquante"]. Terre Vivante.

Pleasant 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 42, "agréable"]. Terre Vivante.

Sweet 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 42, "sucrée"]. Terre Vivante.

Elementary energies

Warm and dry 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2018). Plantes médicinales et tempéraments : aux sources d’une phytothérapie traditionnelle [p. 116, "chaud et sec"]. Editions Amyris.