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Introduction

This page is the result of the aggregation of content from 22 sources. At Phyto-info, we have indexed, assembled and synthesized all the information found to summarize it, to make it readable and easy to access. We have carefully selected our sources from recognized and reliable people.

  • Physician(s) 3
  • Pharmacist(s) 5
  • Herbalist(s) 10
  • Chercheur·euse·s 2
  • Other 2
  • Doctor Dr. Jean Morel is a doctor in Besançon since 1980. A student of Dr. Jean Valnet, he is president of the Franche-Comtoise Society of Phytotherapy and Aromatherapy created in 1982. He has been using plants for more than thirty years and is a lecturer in phytotherapy and aromatherapy at the University of Besançon.
  • Physician & Ethnobotanist Dr. Gérard Debuigne is a French doctor, specialized in herbal medicine and nutrition. Its co-author, Dr. François Couplan, is a French ethnobotanist and writer, specializing in the traditional uses of wild edible plants, which he has studied on five continents and of which he is the pioneer in Europe.
  • Doctor Dr. Jean Valnet (1920-1995) was a French physician and surgeon, specializing in herbal medicine in the fields of herbal medicine and aromatherapy.
  • Pharmacists Claudine Luu is a doctor of pharmacy and natural sciences, she founded the Phytofrance laboratory, as well as the oldest school of herbalism in France, IMDERPLAM, located in Hérault. Her co-author, Dr. Annie Fournier, is a doctor of pharmacy, specializing in herbal medicine and relaxation therapies.
  • Pharmacist Dr. Carole Minker, pharmacist, has studied the traditional uses of medicinal plants by people around the world.
  • Pharmacist Dr. Jean Bruneton, honorary university professor, taught pharmacognosy for 30 years at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Angers. He is also a specialist in phyto-chemistry and has co-authored a hundred international scientific publications.
  • Pharmacists Dr. Jacques Fleurentin is a doctor of pharmacy, associate professor at the University of Metz, and president of the French Society of Ethnopharmacology. His co-author, Dr. Jean-Claude Hayon, is a pharmacist and professor of botany.
  • Researcher, Pharmacist & Herbalist Dr Monique Simmonds is Deputy Director of Science at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and has over 30 years’ experience in various aspects of medicinal plant research. Dr Melanie-Jayne Howes, a pharmacist and chartered chemist, completed a PhD in pharmacognosy before being appointed as a plant chemist at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Jason Irving is a herbalist and over the last five years has taught hundreds of people how to find, identify and use wild plants through his foraging and herbal medicine courses in London.
  • Herbalist Andrew Chevallier is an experienced medical herbalist and author of books on botanical medicine. He is a member and past president of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists and a member of the College of Herbal Medicine Practitioners. He also helped found the herbal medicine course at Middlesex University.
  • Herbalist Paul-Victor Fournier (1877-1964) was a French canon and botanist. His major work, 'Les quatre flores de France', published between 1934 and 1940, remains a reference work for the identification of plants in the field.
  • Herbalist Terry Breverton, a contemporary British author and Welsh heritage enthusiast, has rewritten Culpeper's famous book for a more modern audience. Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) was an English botanist known as the poor man's physician, making herbal medicine accessible to all. His book, commonly known as Culpeper's Complete Herbal, was a huge success when it was first published and has continually been reprinted ever since.
  • Herbalist Michel Pierre, a trained pharmacy technician, began his career in a pharmacy that manufactured its own medicines. He has been running the Herboristerie du Palais Royal in Paris since 1972.
  • Herbalist Paul Iserin is head of the phytotherapy department at the Bobigny Faculty of Medicine.
  • Herbalist Marie-Antoinette Mulot (1919-1999) was a French herbalist due to her training as a herbalist at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Montpellier, she was the last to graduate in 1941.
  • Herbalist Michel Dubray is a herbalist with a diploma approved by the French community in Belgium. He is also a nutritional therapist with a degree from the Paris School of Natural Medicine and Ethnomedicine.
  • Herbalist Born in Silchester, Hampshire, Alys Fowler studied at the Royal Horticultural Society, the Royal Botanic Gardens in London, and then the Botanic Gardens in New York, before returning to the UK to complete an MA at UCL in 2002. Alys spent a few years presenting the BBC's Gardeners' World series and has since become a prominent horticultural journalist, writing a popular weekly column in the Guardian.
  • Herbalist Jessica Houdret has a passion for herbs, growing them commercially and leading workshops on their many uses. She served on the board of the British Herb Trade non-profit organization for several years and was a director.
  • Herbalist Yves Vanopdenbosch is a hospital nurse by training in Belgium, he directs the École des Plantes where he teaches traditional European phytotherapy.
  • Researchers Ibtissam Abdi, Noudjoud Lahouel and Bochra Lebiod are researchers in cellular and molecular biology at the University of Jijel in Algeria.
  • Chercheurs Dr Pascual, Dr Slowing, Dr Carretero, Dr Sánchez Mata et Dr Villar sont chercheuses et chercheurs en chimie et pharmacologie à Madrid en Espagne.
  • Editor Dr. Anne-Claire Gagnon and colleagues have written this book published by Éditions Vidal, a specialist in health information. It provides scientifically validated information on the benefits of medicinal plants.
  • Journalist Sophie Lacoste, editor-in-chief of Rebelle-Santé magazine, has also run the health section of TV magazine for around twenty years.

However, Phyto-info is not responsible for what these sources tell us. We only report them in a different format.

Conditions of use

Contraindications

  • Aucune connue 1
    • Contemporary Belgian herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 326, "aucune connue"]. Editions Lucien Souny.

Toxicity

  • Les documents examinés n’ont mentionné aucune donnée à ce sujet 1
    • Note from Phyto-info

Side effects

  • Risque d’irritations gastriques à forte dose 3
    • Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 309, "son excès peut […] avoir une action irritante sur la muqueuse de l’estomac"]. Larousse.
    • French contemporary journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 506, "peut provoquer des irritations gastriques"]. Leduc.
    • Twentieth-century French herbalist Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 442, "à dose élévée […] maux d’estomac"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.

Drugs interactions

  • Aucune connue 1
    • Contemporary Belgian herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 326, "aucune connue"]. Editions Lucien Souny.

Precautions for use

  • Aucune précaution d’emploi aux doses thérapeutiques recommandées 1
    • Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 193, "aucune précaution d’emploi aux doses thérapeutiques recommandées"]. Editions Ouest-France.
  • L’huile essentielle de verveine citronnelle est irritante pour la peau et ne doit pas être prise par voie orale 2
    • Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 193, "l’huile essentielle est irritante pour la peau et ne doit pas être prise par voie orale"]. Editions Ouest-France.
    • French contemporary journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 506, "photosensibilisante, l’huile essentielle doit être utilisée avec précaution"]. Leduc.
  • Ne pas confondre la verveine citronnelle (Aloysia citrodora) avec la verveine officinale (Verbena officinalis) ou la citronnelle (Cymbopogon citratus) 3
    • Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 644, "ne pas confondre avec la verveine officinale, Verbena officinalis"]. Terre Vivante.
    • Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 32, "ne doit pas être confondue avec la véritable verveine (Verbena officinalis) ni avec la citronnelle […] (Cymbopogon citratus)"]. Larousse.
    • Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 446, "la verveine officinale […] ne doir as être confondue avec la verveine odorante"]. Editions Grancher.
  • Ne pas utiliser sur une période prolongée 1
    • French contemporary journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 506, "son emploi prolongé est déconseillé"]. Leduc.

Children

  • Les documents examinés n’ont mentionné aucune donnée à ce sujet 1
    • Note from Phyto-info

Pregnant or breastfeeding women

  • Les documents examinés n’ont mentionné aucune donnée à ce sujet 1
    • Note from Phyto-info

Dosages

External poultice

  • Écraser quelques feuilles fraîches en bouillie et frotter localement sur la piqûre 1
    • Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 33, "froissez puis frottez sur votre peau des feuilles fraîches"]. Larousse.

External infusion

  • Infuser approx. 2 g de feuilles séchées ou 8 g de feuilles fraîches dans 150 ml (1 tasse à thé) d’eau frémissante pendant 10 minutes hors du feu, filtrer et utiliser tiède en compresses 3
    • Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 959, "5 à 10g pour 500g d’eau"]. Omnibus.
    • Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 645, "infusion de feuilles, 1-2 c. à café/tasse, infuser une minute, pour 1 l: 10-20g de feuilles sèches soit 40-80 g de feuilles fraîches"]. Terre Vivante.
    • Contemporary French herbalist Pierre, M. (1982). Les plantes de l'herboriste: recettes vertes, recettes douces pour mieux vivre [p. 151, "cinq à six feuilles pour une tasse d’eau bouillante, laisser infuser dix minutes"]. Robert Jauze.

Internal infusion

  • Infuser approx. 2 g de feuilles séchées ou 8 g de feuilles fraîches dans 150 ml (1 tasse à thé) d’eau bouillante pendant 10 minutes hors du feu, filtrer et boire 2 à 3 tasses par jour après les repas 11
    • Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 309, "infusion chaude, 30 g [de feuille] par litre, prendre une tasse après les repas"]. Larousse.
    • Contemporary Belgian herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 326, "en tisane, 1 c à c [de feuilles] pour 1 tasse"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
    • Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 193, "en infusion 15 minutes, 2,5 à 5 g pour respectivment 1/4 à 1/2 litre d’eau par jour"]. Editions Ouest-France.
    • Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 959, "5 à 10g pour 500g d’eau"]. Omnibus.
    • Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 152, "two or three leaves in a cup of boiling water"]. Penguin.
    • French contemporary journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 506, "15 g de feuilles par litre d’eau"]. Leduc.
    • Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 645, "infusion de feuilles, 1-2 c. à café/tasse, infuser une minute, pour 1 l: 10-20g de feuilles sèches soit 40-80 g de feuilles fraîches"]. Terre Vivante.
    • Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 33, "1 cuillère à café pour une tasse à thé (15 cl) d’eau frémissante laissez infuser 5 à 10 minutes, buvez 1 à 3 tasses par jour"]. Larousse.
    • Twentieth-century French herbalist Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 443, "une bonne pincée [de feuilles] pour une tasse à thé d’eau bouillante, laisser infuser 10 minutes, boire 3 à 4 tasses par jour"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
    • Contemporary French herbalist Pierre, M. (1982). Les plantes de l'herboriste: recettes vertes, recettes douces pour mieux vivre [p. 151, "cinq à six feuilles pour une tasse d’eau bouillante, laisser infuser dix minutes"]. Robert Jauze.
    • Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 504, "15 g par litre d’eau"]. Editions Vigot.

Practical information

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37 traditional uses

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25 plant properties

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69 constituents

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7 common names

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9 scientific names

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Energetics

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