Introduction
This page is the result of the aggregation of content from 15 sources. At Phyto-info, we have indexed, assembled and synthesized all the information found to summarize it, to make it readable and easy to access. We have carefully selected our sources from recognized and reliable people.
- Physician(s) 3
- Pharmacist(s) 4
- Herbalist(s) 7
- Researcher(s) 1
- Physician Dr. Jean Valnet (1920-1995) was a French physician and surgeon, specializing in herbal medicine in the fields of phytotherapy and aromatherapy.
- Physician Dr Jean Morel has been a doctor in Besançon since 1980. A student of Dr. Jean Valnet, he is president of the Franche-Comté Society of Société Franc-comtoise de Phytothérapie et d'Aromathérapie created in 1982. He has been using plants for more than thirty years and is a lecturer in the university degree in phytotherapy and aromatherapy at the faculty of Besançon.
- Physician & Biologist Dr. Christof Jänicke (1953-2017), was a doctor and worked as a pediatric surgeon in a clinic in Berlin. Its co-author, Dr. Jörg Grünwald, worked in Germany as a biologist for medical research, he also specializes in herbal medicine.
- Researcher, Pharmacist & Herbalist Dr Monique Simmonds is Deputy Director of Science at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and has over 30 years' experience in different aspects of medicinal plant research. Dr Melanie-Jayne Howes, a registered pharmacist and chemist, completed a PhD in pharmacognosy before being appointed Plant Chemist at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Jason Irving is an herbalist and over the past five years has taught hundreds of people how to find, identify and use wild plants at his foraging and herbal medicine courses in London.
- Pharmacists Dr. Max Wichtl (1925-2019) was a chemist, biologist and pharmacist, he was also professor of pharmacognosy at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Vienna and then at the Philipps University of Marburg until his retirement. Dr. Robert Anton has a degree in pharmacy from the University of Strasbourg, he was professor of pharmacognosy and then director of the Pharmacognosy laboratory at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the same university.
- Doctor of taxonomy & Pharmacist Dr. Sonny Larsson is a Swedish pharmacist with a PhD in pharmacognosy. He worked as a professor at Uppsala University and Lulea University of Technology, before accepting a position as a plant chemist. Her co-author, Dr. Elizabeth Dauncey, has a degree in botany, with a PhD in plant taxonomy. She has spent most of her career at the Poison Control Centre at Guy's & St Thomas Hospitals in London.
- Pharmacist Dr Jean Bruneton, honorary university professor, taught pharmacognosy at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Angers for 30 years. He is also a specialist in phytochemistry and has co-authored a hundred international scientific publications.
- Herbalist Pierre Lieutaghi (1939-2023) was pursuing research on the relationships between plants and societies in Western Europe. He was scientific manager of the Salagon ethnobotanical garden in Haute Provence. He was one of the best connoisseurs of traditional knowledge in the field of herbal remedies in France.
- Herbalist Thomas Bartram is a medical herbalist. He has lived and worked in Christchurch, Dorset in England. A Fellow of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists, the Royal Society of Health and the Health Food Institute, he was also the Editor of the journal 'Health for Herbs'.
- Herbalist Andrew Chevallier is an experienced medical herbalist and author of books on botanical medicine. He is a member and past president of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists and a member of the College of Practitioners of Herbal Medicine. He also helped found the Herbal Medicine Course at Middlesex University.
- Herbalist Paul Iserin is head of the phytotherapy department at the Bobigny Faculty of Medicine.
- Herbalist Sophia Emma Magdalene Grieve (1858-1941), aka Maud, Margaret, Maude or Mrs Grieve, was the founder and director of the Whins School of Medicinal and Commercial Herbalism at Chalfont St. Peter, in Buckinghamshire, England. She is best known today for her 1931 book, A Modern Herbal.
- Herbalist Paul-Victor Fournier (1877-1964) was a French canon and botanist. His major work, 'Les quatre flores de France', published between 1934 and 1940, remains a reference work for the identification of plants in the field.
- Herbalists Prof. Kerry Bone, an Australian clinical herbalist and associate professor of chemistry, holds a Master degree from Imperial College London, he has co-founded MediHerb, a leading company in herbal medicine; Simon Mills, a British medical herbalist, served as Special Adviser to the UK House of Lords Select Committee on Complementary and Alternative Medicine and co-founded the Centre for Complementary Health Studies at the University of Exeter.
- Researchers Dr Lauranne Aubert, Dr Christian Decamps, Dr Guillaume Jacquemin and Dr Muriel Quinet are researchers in biology in Louvain-la-Neuve and Gembloux, Belgium.
However, Phyto-info is not responsible for what these sources tell us. We only report them in a different format.
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Practical information
Family
Polygonaceae
Parts used
- Fruit (unhulled seed)
- Flowering aerial part
- Hulled seed
Picking info
- Harvest the flowering aerial parts in summer at the beginning of blooming, dry them in a dark, dry, and well-ventilated place, crudely crush the leaves and flowers, then store them in an airtight container away from light and moisture
- Harvest the fruits when the grains turn brown or black and become hard to the touch; cut the plant at the base and let it dry for 1 to 2 weeks in a dry, well-ventilated place, gently beat the stems over a tarp, spread the collected achenes in a thin layer for a few days, then store them in an airtight container away from light and moisture. To hull buckwheat, use a manual mill set to a gap slightly larger than the size of the inner grain, pour the mixture of cracked husks and kernels into a large shallow dish, then blow cold air using a hairdryer; the light husks will be blown away by the airflow while the heavier kernels remain at the bottom, store them subsequently in an airtight container away from light and moisture
Medicine cabinet
- Dried flowering aerial part
- Dried fruit
- Dried hulled seed
Gardening info
- ☀️ Exposure: full sun
- 🍃 Foliage: deciduous
- 🪴 Growth habit: upright
- ❄️️ Hardiness: zone 10b
- Height: 60 to 120 cm
- 🥁 IUCN:NE (not evaluated)
- ⏰ Lifespan: perennial
- 📍 Native range:Central and Northern Asia
- 🐝 Pollinators: autogamous and nectariferous
- ✂️ Pruning: none required
- Substrate: poor, light, and well-drained
- 💧 Watering: moderate
28 traditional uses
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Ache 1
| ✓ | ||
Arthritis 1
| ✓ | ||
Asthenia 1
| ✓ | ||
Blood vessel disorder 7
| ✓ | ✓ | |
Capillary fragility 3
| ✓ | ✓ | |
Convalescence 1
| ✓ | ||
Diabetic retinopathy 1
| ✓ | ✓ | |
Dyspepsia 1
| ✓ | ||
Edema 3
| ✓ | ||
Enteritis 1
| ✓ | ||
Erysipelas 1
| ✓ | ||
Frostbite 5
| ✓ | ||
Headache 1
| ✓ | ✓ | |
Hemoptysis 1
| ✓ | ✓ | |
Hemorrhoids 2
| ✓ | ✓ | |
Hypercholesterolemia 3
| ✓ | ||
Hypertension 4
| ✓ | ✓ | |
Hypertonia 1
| ✓ | ||
Liver disease 1
| ✓ | ✓ | |
Microcirculation disorder 1
| ✓ | ✓ | |
Neurasthenia 2
| ✓ | ||
Radiodermatitis 1
| ✓ | ||
Restless legs syndrome 1
| ✓ | ||
Retinal hemorrhage 2
| ✓ | ||
Temporal arteritis 1
| ✓ | ||
Varicose vein 3
| ✓ | ✓ | |
Venolymphatic insufficiency 1
| ✓ | ✓ | |
Venous insufficiency 4
| ✓ | ✓ |
Dosages
Internal intake
Consume the hulled seeds as vegetables or puree, or process them into flour to make pancakes 4
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 271, "la purée préparée à partir d’akènes"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 386, "avec sa farine on fait des galettes […] il faut laisser reposer la pâte plusieurs heures avant l’emploi"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 79, "hulled seeds"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "en galette […] en légumes commes les lentilles"]. Maloine editions.
Internal decoction
Add a few unhulled seeds to an anti-hemorrhoid decoction 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "fruits de sarrasin sont proposés dans des tisanes antihémorroïdaires […] 1.8 g"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Internal infusion
Place approx. 2 g of dried flowering plants in 150 ml of boiling water, let it simmer for 3 minutes, then infuse for 10 minutes; strain, add lemon juice, and drink 2 to 3 cups per day for 4 to 8 weeks 5
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 75, "one heaped teaspoon [flowers and leaves] to each cup boiling water, half-1 cup as desired"]. Robinson.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 139, "infusion of herb"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 271, "portez à ébullition 2 c. à café de tige dans 200 ml d’eau pendant 3 min, puis laissez infuser 10 min et buvez 2 ou 3 tasses par jour […] pendant 4 à 8 semaines"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 210, "plus efficace […] en infusion […] associé à la vitamine C ou jus de citron"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "versez 200 ml d’eau bouillante sur 2 g de [plante séchée] et maintenanr à ébullition pendant 3 mn, laisser macérer pendant 10 mn et filtrer"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
18 plant properties
Anti-asthenic 1
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 385, "antiasthénique"]. Actes Sud.
Anti-inflammatory 2
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 8, "anti-inflammatory"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 79, "anti-inflammatory"]. Frances Lincoln.
Anti-tumoral 2
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 8, "anti-carcinogenic"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 79, "anticancer"]. Frances Lincoln.
Anticoagulant 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 75, "anti-coagulant"]. Robinson.
Antidiabetic 1
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 79, "antidiabetic"]. Frances Lincoln.
Antihemorrhagic 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 75, "antihaemorrhage"]. Robinson.
Antioxidant 3
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 8, "antioxidant"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 215, "antioxidant"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 210, "antioxydant puissant"]. Larousse.
Astringent 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 139, "astringent"]. Tiger Books International.
Capillary protector 1
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 14, "renforcent les parois des capillaires"]. Larousse.
Energetic 1
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "énergétique"]. Maloine editions.
Hypocholesterolemic 3
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 7, "cholesterol lowering effect"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 169, "éliminer le cholestérol"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 79, "lowering cholesterol"]. Frances Lincoln.
Hypoglycemic 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 2, "hypoglycemic"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Hypotensive 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 75, "hypotensive"]. Robinson.
Nutritive 4
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "principes nutritifs"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 138, "nutritious"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 385, "nourrissant"]. Actes Sud.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "nutritif"]. Maloine editions.
Tonic 1
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 271, "tonifiant"]. Marabout.
Vasodilator 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 75, "vasodilator"]. Robinson.
Vasoprotective 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 215, "strengthens the inner lining of blood vessels"]. Penguin Random House.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "protecteur vasculaire"]. Maloine editions.
Veinotonic 1
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 270, "tonifie les veines"]. Marabout.
80 constituents
Alanine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 4, "alanine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Amino acid 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 1, "amino acid"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Anthocyan 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "anthocyanes"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Anthracene derivative 1
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 271, "dérivés d’anthracènes"]. Marabout.
Arginine 2
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 2, "arginine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "arginine"]. Maloine editions.
Asparagine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 5, "asparagine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Beta-sitosterol 1
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 513, "bêta-sitostérol"]. Editions Grancher.
Boron 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 7, "B"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Calcium 3
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 4, "Ca"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "calcium"]. Omnibus.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "calcium"]. Maloine editions.
Campesterol 1
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 169, "campestérol"]. Editions Grancher.
Capric acid 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 139, "rutic acid"]. Tiger Books International.
Cellulose 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "cellulose"]. Omnibus.
Chiro-inositol 1
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 270, "chiro-inositol"]. Marabout.
Chlorogenic acid 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "acide […] chlorogénique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Chromium 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 7, "Cr"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Cobalt 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 7, "Co"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Copper 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 4, "Cu"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Cysteine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 5, "cysteine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Cystine 1
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "cystine"]. Maloine editions.
Dextrin 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "dextrine"]. Omnibus.
Dietary fiber 2
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 2, "dietary fibers"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 169, "fibres"]. Editions Grancher.
Essential amino acid 2
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 513, "acides aminés essentiels"]. Editions Grancher.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "acides aminés précieux"]. Maloine editions.
Fagopyrin 3
- Contemporary English doctor of taxonomy plants & Swedish doctor of pharmacy Dauncey, E., & Larsson, S. (2019). Les plantes qui tuent : les végétaux les plus toxiques du monde et leurs stratégies de défense [p. 129, "fagopyrine"]. Ulmer.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 271, "fagopyrine"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "fagopyrine"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Fatty acid 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 6, "fatty acid"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Flavonoid 8
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 1, "flavonoids"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Contemporary Australian and British herbalists Bone, K., & Mills, S. (2013). Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy (2nd edition) [p. 224, "flavonoids"]. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 480, "flavonoïdes"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 215, "bioflavonoids"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 270, "flavonoïde"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 14, "flavonoïdes"]. Larousse.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "vitamine P"]. Maloine editions.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Gallic acid 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "acide […] gallique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Glutamic acid 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 4, "glutamic acid"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Glutamine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 4, "glutamine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Glutenin 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "gluténine"]. Omnibus.
Glycine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 5, "glycine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Glycosylflavone 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "glycosylflavones"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Gum 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 139, "gum"]. Tiger Books International.
Hesperidin 1
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 14, "hespéridine"]. Larousse.
Histidine 2
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 5, "histidine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "histidine"]. Maloine editions.
Hyperoside 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "hypéroside"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Indican 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 139, "indican"]. Tiger Books International.
Iodine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 7, "I"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Iron 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 1, "Fe"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Isoleucine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 5, "isoleucine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Lecithin 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "lécithine"]. Omnibus.
Leucine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 4, "leucine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Lipid 2
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "matières grasses"]. Omnibus.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "matières […] grasses"]. Maloine editions.
Lysine 2
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 2, "lysine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "lysine"]. Maloine editions.
Magnesium 4
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 1, "Mg"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 75, "magnesium"]. Robinson.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "magnésium"]. Omnibus.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "magnésium"]. Maloine editions.
Manganese 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 7, "Mn"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Methionine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 4, "methionine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Mineral salt 1
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "sels minéraux"]. Maloine editions.
Minerals 3
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 1, "minerals"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "minéraux"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 513, "minéraux"]. Editions Grancher.
Naphtodianthrone* 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "naphtodianthrone"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Nitrogenous compound 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "matières azotées"]. Omnibus.
Organic acid 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "acides organiques"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Orientin 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "orientine"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Phenolic acid 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "acides phénoliques"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Phenolic compound 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 2, "phenolic compounds"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Phenylalanine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 5, "phenylalanine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Phosphorus 3
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 7, "P"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "phosphore"]. Omnibus.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "phosphore"]. Maloine editions.
Phytosterol 1
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 169, "phytostérols"]. Editions Grancher.
Polyphenol 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 2, "polyphenols"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Potassium 2
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 4, "K"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "potassium"]. Omnibus.
Proline 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 5, "proline"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Protein 2
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 1, "proteins"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "protéines"]. Maloine editions.
Quercitroside 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "quercitroside"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Rutoside 10
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 7, "rutin"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 75, "rutin"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 480, "rutoside"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 215, "rutin"]. Penguin Random House.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 139, "rutin"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 270, "rutine"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 14, "rutine"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 552, "rutoside"]. Editions Grancher.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "rutine"]. Maloine editions.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "rutoside"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Salicylic acid 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "acide […] salicylique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Selenium 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 7, "Se"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Serine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 5, "serine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Sitosterol 2
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 169, "sitostérol"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "sitostérol"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Sodium 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 4, "Na"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Starch 6
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 2, "high starch"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "matières amylacées"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 139, "starch"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 552, "fruits amylifères"]. Editions Grancher.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "matières amylacées"]. Maloine editions.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 206, "amidon"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Stigmasterol 1
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 169, "stigmastérol"]. Editions Grancher.
Sugar 2
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "saccharose"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 139, "sugar"]. Tiger Books International.
Sulfur 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 7, "S"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Tannin 1
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 271, "tannins"]. Marabout.
Threonine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 5, "threonine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Tryptophan 1
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "tryptophane"]. Maloine editions.
Tyrosine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 4, "tyrosine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Valine 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 5, "valine"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
Vitamin B 2
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 2, "vitamins"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "vitamine B"]. Omnibus.
Vitexin 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 207, "vitexine"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Zinc 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 1, "Zn"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
7 common names
Beechwheat 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 137, "beechwheat"]. Tiger Books International.
Brank 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 137, "brank"]. Tiger Books International.
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) 8
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 1, "buckwheat"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 75, "buckwheat"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary Australian and British herbalists Bone, K., & Mills, S. (2013). Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy (2nd edition) [p. 224, "buckwheat"]. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 215, "buckwheat"]. Penguin Random House.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "buckwheat"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 137, "buckwheat"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 79, "buckwheat"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 206, "buckwheat"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Common buckwheat 1
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 1, "common buckwheat"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
French wheat 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 137, "French wheat"]. Tiger Books International.
Indian wheat 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 138, "Indian wheat"]. Tiger Books International.
Saracen corn 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 137, "saracen corn"]. Tiger Books International.
4 scientific names
Fagopyrum esculentum 13
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 1, "Fagopyrum esculentum"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 75, "Fagopyrum esculentum"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 480, "Fagopyrum esculentum Moench"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 215, "Fagopyrum esculentum"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary English doctor of taxonomy plants & Swedish doctor of pharmacy Dauncey, E., & Larsson, S. (2019). Les plantes qui tuent : les végétaux les plus toxiques du monde et leurs stratégies de défense [p. 129, "Fagopyrum esculentum"]. Ulmer.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "Fagopyrum esculentum Moench"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 138, "Fagopyrum esculentum (Moench)"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 270, "Fagopyrum esculentum"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 14, "Fagopyrum esculentum"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 385, "Fagopyrum esculentum Moench"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 513, "Fagopyrum esculentum"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 79, "Fagopyrum esculentum"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 206, "Fagopyrum esculentum Moench"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Fagopyrum sagittatum 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 206, "Fagopyrum saggitatum Gilib. [sic]"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Fagopyrum vulgare 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "Fagopyrum vulgare Nees"]. Omnibus.
Polygonum fagopyrum 4
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 824, "Polygonum fagopyrum L."]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 137, "Polygonum fagopyrum"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 513, "Polygonum fagopyrum L."]. Editions Grancher.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (1985). Se soigner par les légumes, les fruits et les céréales [p. 413, "Polygonum fagopyrum"]. Maloine editions.
Conditions of use
Contraindications
The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note
Toxicity
The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note
Side effects
Risk of allergic reactions related to the flour rather than the stem 1
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 271, "réactions allergiques liées à la farine et non à la tige"]. Marabout.
Risk of skin reactions at high doses 2
- Contemporary English doctor of taxonomy plants & Swedish doctor of pharmacy Dauncey, E., & Larsson, S. (2019). Les plantes qui tuent : les végétaux les plus toxiques du monde et leurs stratégies de défense [p. 129, "réactions cutanées s’il est mangé en grandes quantités"]. Ulmer.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 139, "in many people cause sever itching"]. Tiger Books International.
Risk of very dense and difficult-to-pass stools 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 139, "the faeces may become so glutinous that expulsion is difficult"]. Tiger Books International.
Drug interactions
Do not use with anticoagulant treatment 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 215, "interacts with blood-thinning medication"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 210, "interagit avec les médicaments anticoagulants"]. Larousse.
Precautions for use
Insoluble in water, fagopyrin from the green parts poses no photosensitizing risk when infused 1
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 271, "la fagopyrine accentue la photosynthèse […] pas soluble dans l’eau et les extraits aqueux ne comportent aucun risque"]. Marabout.
Children
The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note
Pregnant or breastfeeding women
Do not use if pregnant or breast-feeding 1
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 271, "pendant la grossesse et l’allaitement, il est préférable de consulter votre médecin"]. Marabout.
Energetics
Tastes
Acrid 2
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 139, "acrid"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 206, "âcre"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Bitter 2
- Contemporary Belgian researchers in biology Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G., & Quinet. M. (2021). Comparison of plant morphology, yield and nutritional quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum grown under field conditions in Belgium [p. 7, "bitter"]. Plants, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020258
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 206, "légèrement amère"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Elementary energies
The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note