Introduction
This page is the result of the aggregation of content from 21 sources. At Phyto-info, we have indexed, assembled and synthesized all the information found to summarize it, to make it readable and easy to access. We have carefully selected our sources from recognized and reliable people.
- Physician(s) 4
- Pharmacist(s) 4
- Herbalist(s) 13
- Doctor & Ethnobotanist Dr. Gérard Debuigne is a French doctor, specializing in phytotherapy and nutrition. Hi co-author, Dr. François Couplan is a French ethnobotanist and writer, specializing in the traditional uses of wild edible plants, which he has studied on all five continents and of which he is a pioneer in Europe.
- Physician Dr. Jean Valnet (1920-1995) was a French physician and surgeon, specializing in herbal medicine in the fields of phytotherapy and aromatherapy.
- Physician Dr. François-Joseph Cazin (1788-1864) was a French physician. Author of an imposing Practical and Reasoned Treatise on Indigenous Medicinal Plants, he is considered the ancestor of the French school of phytotherapy.
- Physician Dr Jean Morel has been a doctor in Besançon since 1980. A student of Dr. Jean Valnet, he is president of the Franche-Comté Society of Société Franc-comtoise de Phytothérapie et d'Aromathérapie created in 1982. He has been using plants for more than thirty years and is a lecturer in the university degree in phytotherapy and aromatherapy at the faculty of Besançon.
- Pharmacist Dr. Carole Minker, pharmacist, has studied the traditional uses of medicinal plants by people around the world.
- Pharmacists Dr. Max Wichtl (1925-2019) was a chemist, biologist and pharmacist, he was also professor of pharmacognosy at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Vienna and then at the Philipps University of Marburg until his retirement. Dr. Robert Anton has a degree in pharmacy from the University of Strasbourg, he was professor of pharmacognosy and then director of the Pharmacognosy laboratory at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the same university.
- Pharmacists Dr. Claudine Luu is a doctor of pharmacy and natural sciences, she founded the Phytofrance laboratory, as well as the oldest herbalist school in France, IMDERPLAM located in the Hérault. Its co-author, Dr. Annie Fournier, is a doctor of pharmacy, specializing in phytotherapy and relaxation therapies.
- Pharmacist Dr Jean Bruneton, honorary university professor, taught pharmacognosy at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Angers for 30 years. He is also a specialist in phytochemistry and has co-authored a hundred international scientific publications.
- Herbalist Yves Vanopdenbosch is a graduate hospital nurse trained in Belgium, he directs the École des Plantes where he teaches traditional European phytotherapy.
- Herbalist Thomas Bartram is a medical herbalist. He has lived and worked in Christchurch, Dorset in England. A Fellow of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists, the Royal Society of Health and the Health Food Institute, he was also the Editor of the journal 'Health for Herbs'.
- Herbalist Jessica Houdret has a passion for herbs, she has grown them commercially and has led workshops on their many uses. She served on the board of the British Herb Trade Association for several years and served as a director.
- Herbalist Matthew Wood has been an herbalist for over 35 years in the United States. He holds a Master of Science in the field of medicinal plants from the Scottish School of Herbal Medicine, a degree recognized by the University of Wales in Scotland.
- Herbalist Sophia Emma Magdalene Grieve (1858-1941), aka Maud, Margaret, Maude or Mrs Grieve, was the founder and director of the Whins School of Medicinal and Commercial Herbalism at Chalfont St. Peter, in Buckinghamshire, England. She is best known today for her 1931 book, A Modern Herbal.
- Herbalist Pierre Lieutaghi (1939-2023) was pursuing research on the relationships between plants and societies in Western Europe. He was scientific manager of the Salagon ethnobotanical garden in Haute Provence. He was one of the best connoisseurs of traditional knowledge in the field of herbal remedies in France.
- Herbalist Andrew Chevallier is an experienced medical herbalist and author of books on botanical medicine. He is a member and past president of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists and a member of the College of Practitioners of Herbal Medicine. He also helped found the Herbal Medicine Course at Middlesex University.
- Herbalist Paul-Victor Fournier (1877-1964) was a French canon and botanist. His major work, 'Les quatre flores de France', published between 1934 and 1940, remains a reference work for the identification of plants in the field.
- Herbalist Paul Iserin is head of the phytotherapy department at the Bobigny Faculty of Medicine.
- Herbalist Marie-Antoinette Mulot (1919-1999) was a French herbalist by virtue of her training as an herbalist at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Montpellier, she was the last to graduate in 1941.
- Herbalist Michel Dubray is an herbalist, a diploma approved by the French community in Belgium. He is also a nutritherapist who graduated from the School of Natural Medicine and Ethnomedicine in Paris.
- Herbalist Terry Breverton, a contemporary British author with a passion for Welsh heritage, has rewritten Culpeper's famous book for a more modern audience. Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) was an English botanist known as the poor man's doctor, making herbal medicine accessible to all. His book, commonly referred to as Culpeper's Complete Herbal, was a huge success when it was first published and has been reprinted ever since.
- Herbalist Yves Vanopdenbosch is a graduate hospital nurse trained in Belgium, he directs the École des Plantes where he teaches traditional European phytotherapy.
However, Phyto-info is not responsible for what these sources tell us. We only report them in a different format.
Practical information
Family
Rosaceae
Parts used
- Flowering aerial part
- Leaf
- Root
Picking info
- Harvest the flowering aerial parts between May and September, tie them into a bouquet and hang them upside down in a well-ventilated and dark place, then store them away from moisture
- Harvest the leaves as needed during flowering time
- Harvest the roots preferably from dry and sunny locations outside of flowering periods, wash and cut them into sections before drying them on racks, then store in airtight containers away from light for up to one year; beyond this period, the tannins polymerize, thus reducing the astringency
Medicine cabinet
- Dried flowering aerial parts
- Dried root powder
- Dried roots
- Infused oil of dried flowering aerial parts
- Tincture of dried roots
71 traditional uses
Dosages
Poultice externally
Crush a few fresh leaves into a mush and apply locally as a poultice 1
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 172, "cataplasmes de feuilles écrasées en application (ophtalmies)"]. Editions Vigot.
External decoction
Place approx. 3 g of dried roots or 9 g of finely chopped fresh roots in 150 ml (1 teacup) of cold water, simmer for 10 minutes, strain, and use hot in injections, gargles, washes, or compresses 9
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "racine sèche 30 à 60 gr. par kilogramme d’eau; racine verte 60 à 100 gr. par kilogramme d’eau"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "racine fraîche 60 à 100 g par litre d’eau, racine sèche 30 à 60 g par litre d’eau"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "1/2 oz of the powdered root […] to 1 pint of boiling water, strained and taken cold"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "racine fraîche de 60 à 100 g/l d’eau; racine sèche de 30 à 60 g/l d’eau"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 48, "faites bouillir 20 min à couvert 1 cuil. à café de racines sèches ou fraîches dans 250 ml d’eau, filtrez […] en gargarisme (2 cuil. à soupe [de racine] après chaque repas et jusqu’à 5 fois par jour)"]. Tana.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 172, "30 g [de racines] par litre d’eau en lavages et compresses"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "1 cuillère à soupe [de racine] par tasse, décoction 1 minute, infusion 10 minutes"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "mélanger 1 cuillérée à café de [rhizomes] grossièrement pulvérisés avec [150 ml] d’eau froide. proter rapidement à ébullition et maintenir au chaud pendant encore 10 min puis filtrer"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 280, "1/2 oz. of the powdered root […] to a pint of boiling water strained and taken cold"]. North Atlantic Books.
Internal decoction
Place approx. 2 g of dried roots or 6 g of finely chopped fresh roots in 150 ml (1 teacup) of cold water, simmer for 10 minutes, strain, and drink 2 to 3 cups per day between meals for a few days 10
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "racine sèche 30 à 60 gr. par kilogramme d’eau; racine verte 60 à 100 gr. par kilogramme d’eau"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 73, "verser de l’eau bouillante sur une 1/2 à 1 c à c de [racine], infuser 10 minutes, boire une tasse plusieurs fois par jour"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "racine fraîche 60 à 100 g par litre d’eau, racine sèche 30 à 60 g par litre d’eau"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "1/2 oz of the powdered root […] to 1 pint of boiling water, strained and taken cold"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "racine fraîche de 60 à 100 g/l d’eau; racine sèche de 30 à 60 g/l d’eau"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "faites bouillir 20 min à couvert 1 cuil. à café de racines sèches ou fraîches dans 250 ml d’eau, filtrez, buvez 2 à 3 tasses par jour"]. Tana.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 171, "60 g par litre d’eau, infuser 10 minutes, boire 1/2 litre par jour entre les repas pendant quelques jours"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "1 cuillère à café [de racine] par tasse, infusion 10 minutes, 2 à 3 tasses par jour"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "verser [150 ml] d’eau bouillante sur environ 1/2 à 1 cuillerée à café de [rhizomes] grossièrement pulvérisés, couvrir et laisser infuser 10 min puis filtrer, boire une tasse […] plusieurs fois par jour"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 280, "1/2 oz. of the powdered root […] to a pint of boiling water strained and taken cold"]. North Atlantic Books.
External infusion
Infuse approx. 4 g of dried flowering aerial parts or 8 g of fresh plants in 150 ml (1 teacup) of boiling water for 10 minutes off the heat, strain and use warm in compresses, washes, gargles, mouthwashes or sitz baths 2
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "1/2 oz of […] herb to 1 pint of boiling water, strained and taken cold"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 280, "1/2 oz. of the […] herb to a pint of boiling water strained and taken cold"]. North Atlantic Books.
Internal infusion
Infuse approx. 3 g of dried flowering aerial parts or 6 g of fresh plants in 150 ml (1 teacup) of boiling water for 10 minutes off the heat, strain, and drink 2 to 3 cups per day between meals 4
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 44, "1-2 teaspoons herb to each cup boiling water, infuse 15 minutes, half-1 cup 3-4 times daily, for fresh plant double quantity of herb"]. Robinson.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "1/2 oz of […] herb to 1 pint of boiling water, strained and taken cold"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 48, "faites infuser 10 min à couvert 1 cuil. à soupe de parties aériennes fleuries sèches ou fraîches dans 250 ml d’eau frémissante, filtrez, buvez 2 à 3 tasses par jour jusqu’à cessation des symptômes"]. Tana.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 280, "1/2 oz. of the […] herb to a pint of boiling water strained and taken cold"]. North Atlantic Books.
External oil macerate
Apply the infused oil as needed and gently massage the affected area 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 221, "used in a lotion or ointment"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 216, "sous forme d’onguent"]. Larousse.
Powder of dried plants internal intake
Take 1 g of dry root powder per day 5
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "poudre 1 à 4 gr."]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 73, "DJMA […] poudre de plante sèche 1,5 g"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "1 à 4 g comme tonique astringent"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "poudre 1 à 4 g"]. Terre Vivante.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 171, "1 à 4 g par jour"]. Editions Vigot.
Internal tincture
Take 20 drops of alcoholic tincture diluted in a glass of water 2 to 3 times a day 4
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "two or three teaspoonsful of […] tincture in any watery vehicle"]. Tiger Books International.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 172, "30 à 50 gouttes avant les repas"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "teinture mère XX gouttes dans un peu d’eau 2 à 3 fois par jour"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 280, "two or three teaspoonfuls of […] tincture"]. North Atlantic Books.
20 plant properties
Analgesic 1
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 88, "anesthésiantes"]. Larousse.
Anti-bacterial 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "antibactérienne"]. Tana.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "antibactérien"]. Editions Amyris.
Anti-diarrhoeic 2
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "anti-diarrhéique"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "antidiarrhéique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Anti-inflammatory 4
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 44, "anti-inflammatory"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 158, "anti-inflammatory"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Tana.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Editions Amyris.
Anti-tumoral 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "cytotoxiques"]. Tana.
Antioxidant 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "antioxydantes"]. Tana.
Antiseptic 7
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 44, "antiseptic"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 88, "antiseptiques"]. Larousse.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "antiseptic"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 158, "antiseptic"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 115, "antiseptique"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "antimicrobienne"]. Tana.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 278, "antiseptic"]. North Atlantic Books.
Aperitive 1
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 116, "favorise l’appétit"]. Actes Sud.
Astringent 15
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 44, "astringent"]. Robinson.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "astringente"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 221, "astringent"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 88, "astringentes"]. Larousse.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "astringent"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "astringent"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 216, "astringent"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 116, "astringent"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "astringente"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "astringente"]. Tana.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 68, "astringent"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 171, "astringent"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "astringent"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "astringent"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 278, "astringent"]. North Atlantic Books.
Cleansing 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "détergeant"]. Omnibus.
Counterirritant 1
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 171, "révulsif"]. Editions Vigot.
Diaphoretic 3
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "sudorific"]. Tiger Books International.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 171, "sudorifique"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 278, "sudorific"]. North Atlantic Books.
Digestive 3
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 189, "rétablir les forces digestives"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "favorise la digestion"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "stimulante des voies digestives"]. Terre Vivante.
Febrifuge 9
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "fébrifuge"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 221, "lowering fever"]. Penguin Random House.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "fébrifuge"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "febrifuge"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 216, "faire baisser la fièvre"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 116, "fébrifuge"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "fébrifuge"]. Terre Vivante.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 68, "fébrifuge"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 171, "fébrifuge"]. Editions Vigot.
Haemostatic 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 44, "anti-haemorrhagic"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 48, "hémostatiques (partie aérienne)"]. Tana.
Nutritive 1
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 278, "nutritive tonic"]. North Atlantic Books.
Sedative 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 48, "sédative"]. Tana.
Stomachic 4
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 44, "stomachic"]. Robinson.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "stomachic"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "stomachique"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "stomachique amer"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Tonic 10
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "tonique"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "tonique"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "tonic"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 158, "tonic"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 116, "tonique"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "tonique"]. Terre Vivante.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 68, "tonique"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 171, "tonique"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "tonique"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "tonique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Vulnerary 4
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "cicatrisant"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "cicatrisation des plaies"]. Terre Vivante.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 171, "vulnéraire"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "vulnéraire"]. Editions Amyris.
39 constituents
6-galloylglucose 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "6-galloylglucose"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Adragantine 1
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "adragantine"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
Carbohydrate 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "sucres libres"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Carotenoid 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "caroténoïdes"]. Tana.
Catechin 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "d-catéchine"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Cis-myrtanal 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "cis-[…]myrtanal"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Cis-myrtanol 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "cis-[…]myrtanol"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Cnicin 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 221, "cnicin"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 216, "cnicine"]. Larousse.
Elagic acild 2
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "acide ellagique"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "acide ellagique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Ellagitannin 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "tanins ellagiques"]. Terre Vivante.
Essential oil 14
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 598, "huile essentielle"]. Lavoisier.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "huile volatile"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 221, "volatile oil"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 88, "essence aromatique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 73, "H.E."]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "essence aromatique"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "volatil oil"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 216, "huile essentielle"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "huile essentielle"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "huile essentielle"]. Tana.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 275, "huile essentielle"]. Editions Grancher.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 67, "huile essentielle"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "huile essentielle"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "huile essentielle"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Eugenol 15
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 598, "eugénol"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 221, "eugenol"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 88, "eugénol"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 73, "eugénol"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "eugénol"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "eugenol"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 216, "eugénol"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 115, "eugénol"]. Actes Sud.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "eugénol"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "eugénol"]. Tana.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 275, "eugénol"]. Editions Grancher.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 67, "eugénol"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 171, "eugénol"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "eugénol"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 243, "eugénol"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Eugenol glycoside 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 73, "hétérosides d’eugénol"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
Flavonoid 2
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "flavonoïdes"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "flavonoïdes"]. Tana.
Fructose 3
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "fructose"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "fructose"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "fructose"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Gallic acid 2
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "acide gallique"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "acide gallique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Gallotannin 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 598, "tanins galliques"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "tanins galliques"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "gallotanins"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Geoside 9
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "géine"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 88, "géine"]. Larousse.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "géoside"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "gein"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "géine (ou géoiside)"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 275, "géoside"]. Editions Grancher.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 67, "géoside"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "géoside"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "géines (=géoside)"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Germacranolide 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "sesquiterpènes […] germacranolide (partie aérienne)"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Glucose 3
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "glucose"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "glucose"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "glucose"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Gum 2
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "matière gommeuse"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "gum"]. Tiger Books International.
Hydrolysable tannin 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 73, "tanins hydrolysables"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
Monoterpene 2
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "monoterpènes"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "monoterpènes"]. Editions Amyris.
Monoterpenoid 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "monoterpènes oxygénés"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Myrtanal 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "trans-myrtanal"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Myrtanol 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "trans-myrtanol"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Phenol 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "phénols"]. Editions Amyris.
Phenolic acid 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "acides phénoliques"]. Tana.
Phenylpropanoid 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "phénylpropanoïdes"]. Tana.
Raffinose 2
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "raffinose"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "raffinose"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Resin 4
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "résine"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "résine"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "resin"]. Tiger Books International.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 171, "résine"]. Editions Vigot.
Sesquiterpene lactone 5
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 221, "sesquiterpene lactone"]. Penguin Random House.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "matière amère"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 216, "lactones sesquiterpéniques"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "lactones sesquiterpéniques"]. Tana.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 67, "substance amère"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
Stachyose 2
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "stachyose en hiver"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "stachyose"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Sugar 5
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "saccharose"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "saccharose"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "sucres"]. Tana.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "saccharose"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "saccharose"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Tannic acid 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "tannic acid"]. Tiger Books International.
Tannin 12
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 598, "tanins"]. Lavoisier.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "tannin"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 221, "tannins"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 88, "tanins"]. Larousse.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "tanin"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "tannin"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 216, "tanins"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "tanins"]. Tana.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 275, "tanins"]. Editions Grancher.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 67, "tanin"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 171, "tanin"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 67, "tanins"]. Editions Amyris.
Triterpene 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "triterpènes"]. Terre Vivante.
Vicianosis 2
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "vicianose"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "vicianose"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Vitamin C 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 47, "vitamine C"]. Tana.
13 common names
St Benedict’s herb 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 370, "St Benedict’s herb"]. Quercus.
Avens (Geum urbanum) 6
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 44, "avens"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 370, "avens"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 221, "avens"]. Penguin Random House.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 156, "avens"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 73, "avens"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 243, "avens root"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Blessed herb 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 73, "blessed herb"]. Tiger Books International.
City avens 3
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 370, "city avens"]. Quercus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 73, "city avens"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 278, "city avens"]. North Atlantic Books.
Clove root 2
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 370, "clove root"]. Quercus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 73, "clove root"]. Tiger Books International.
Colewort 4
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 44, "colewort"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 370, "colewort"]. Quercus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 73, "colewort"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 243, "colewort"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Common avens 2
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 75, "common avens"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 278, "common avens"]. North Atlantic Books.
Goldy star 2
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 370, "goldy star"]. Quercus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 73, "goldy star"]. Tiger Books International.
Herb bennet 5
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 44, "herb bennet"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 370, "herb benet"]. Quercus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 73, "herb bennet"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 158, "herb bennet"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 243, "bennet’s root"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Herb bonnet 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 370, "herb bonnet"]. Quercus.
Herba benedicta 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 221, "herba benedicta"]. Penguin Random House.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 73, "herba benedicta"]. Tiger Books International.
Way bennet 2
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 370, "way bennet"]. Quercus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 73, "way bennet"]. Tiger Books International.
Wild rye 2
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 370, "wild rye"]. Quercus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 73, "wild rye"]. Tiger Books International.
5 scientific names
Caryophyllata urbana 1
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 186, "Caryophyllata urbana"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
Caryophyllata vulgaris 2
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 186, "Caryophyllata vulgaris"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 156, "Caryophyllata vulgaris"]. Omnibus.
Gerum urbanum 1
- Contemporary French herbalist and ethnobotanist Lieutaghi, P. (1996). Le livre des bonnes herbes [p. 115, "Gerum urbanum L."]. Actes Sud.
Geum caryophyllata 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 156, "Geum caryophyllata"]. Omnibus.
Geum urbanum 19
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 44, "Geum urbanum"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 370, "Geum urbanum"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 598, "Geum urbanum L."]. Lavoisier.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 186, "Geum urbanum L."]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 221, "Geum urbanum"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 88, "Geum urbanum"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 73, "Geum urbanum L."]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 156, "Geum urbanum L."]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 73, "Geum urbanum"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 158, "Geum urbanum"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 216, "Geum urbanum"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 114, "Geum urbanum"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 46, "Geum urbanum L."]. Tana.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 275, "Geum urbanum"]. Editions Grancher.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 67, "Geum urbanum"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 171, "Geum urbanum"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 66, "Geum urbanum L."]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 243, "Geum urbanum L."]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 278, "Geum urbanum"]. North Atlantic Books.
Conditions of use
Contraindications
None known 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 73, "aucune connue"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
Toxicity
No toxicity at recommended doses 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 48, "sans toxicité aux doses et emplois classiquement préconisés"]. Tana.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 280, "all the avens are generally regarded as safe"]. North Atlantic Books.
Side effects
No side effects at recommended doses 2
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 73, "aucun connu"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 244, "aucun en cas d’usage normal"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Risk of nausea and vomiting at high doses 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 115, "peut occasionner nausées et vomissements […] à doses excessives"]. Terre Vivante.
Drug interactions
Do not use with iron salts and gelatin 2
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "les sels de fer, la gélatine"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 73, "incompatible avec les sels de fer, la gélatine"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
Precautions for use
The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note
Children
The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note
Pregnant or breastfeeding women
Do not use if pregnant or breast-feeding 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 48, "déconseillé pendant la grossesse"]. Tana.
Energetics
Tastes
Acrid 1
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 279, "pungent"]. North Atlantic Books.
Aromatic 5
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "amertume"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 158, "aromatique"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "aromatic"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 114, "aromatique"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 278, "aromatic"]. North Atlantic Books.
Bitter 4
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "âpre"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "slightly bitter"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 114, "amère"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 243, "légèrement amère"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Clove 2
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 187, "[saveur] de girofle"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 74, "clove-like"]. Tiger Books International.
Sweet 1
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 279, "sweet"]. North Atlantic Books.
Elementary energies
Warm and dry 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2018). Plantes médicinales et tempéraments : aux sources d’une phytothérapie traditionnelle [p. 119, "chaud et sec (root)"]. Editions Amyris.