Introduction
This page is the result of the aggregation of content from 11 sources. At Phyto-info, we have indexed, assembled and synthesized all the information found to summarize it, to make it readable and easy to access. We have carefully selected our sources from recognized and reliable people.
- Physician(s) 3
- Pharmacist(s) 2
- Herbalist(s) 6
- Physician Dr. François-Joseph Cazin (1788-1864) was a French physician. Author of an imposing Practical and Reasoned Treatise on Indigenous Medicinal Plants, he is considered the ancestor of the French school of phytotherapy.
- Physician Dr. Jean Valnet (1920-1995) was a French physician and surgeon, specializing in herbal medicine in the fields of phytotherapy and aromatherapy.
- Physician Dr Jean Morel has been a doctor in Besançon since 1980. A student of Dr. Jean Valnet, he is president of the Franche-Comté Society of Société Franc-comtoise de Phytothérapie et d'Aromathérapie created in 1982. He has been using plants for more than thirty years and is a lecturer in the university degree in phytotherapy and aromatherapy at the faculty of Besançon.
- Pharmacist Dr. Carole Minker, pharmacist, has studied the traditional uses of medicinal plants by people around the world.
- Doctor of taxonomy & Pharmacist Dr. Sonny Larsson is a Swedish pharmacist with a PhD in pharmacognosy. He worked as a professor at Uppsala University and Lulea University of Technology, before accepting a position as a plant chemist. Her co-author, Dr. Elizabeth Dauncey, has a degree in botany, with a PhD in plant taxonomy. She has spent most of her career at the Poison Control Centre at Guy's & St Thomas Hospitals in London.
- Herbalist Paul-Victor Fournier (1877-1964) was a French canon and botanist. His major work, 'Les quatre flores de France', published between 1934 and 1940, remains a reference work for the identification of plants in the field.
- Herbalist Sophia Emma Magdalene Grieve (1858-1941), aka Maud, Margaret, Maude or Mrs Grieve, was the founder and director of the Whins School of Medicinal and Commercial Herbalism at Chalfont St. Peter, in Buckinghamshire, England. She is best known today for her 1931 book, A Modern Herbal.
- Herbalist Thomas Bartram is a medical herbalist. He has lived and worked in Christchurch, Dorset in England. A Fellow of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists, the Royal Society of Health and the Health Food Institute, he was also the Editor of the journal 'Health for Herbs'.
- Herbalist Matthew Wood has been an herbalist for over 35 years in the United States. He holds a Master of Science in the field of medicinal plants from the Scottish School of Herbal Medicine, a degree recognized by the University of Wales in Scotland.
- Herbalist Michel Dubray is an herbalist, a diploma approved by the French community in Belgium. He is also a nutritherapist who graduated from the School of Natural Medicine and Ethnomedicine in Paris.
- Herbalist Yves Vanopdenbosch is a graduate hospital nurse trained in Belgium, he directs the École des Plantes where he teaches traditional European phytotherapy.
However, Phyto-info is not responsible for what these sources tell us. We only report them in a different format.
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But no, we wrote this page the old-fashioned way. By reading books and typing on a keyboard with our real little fingers. The internet seems to forget this; it's important not to say just anything.
Practical information
Family
Plantaginaceae
Parts used
- Flowering aerial part
- Juice
Picking info
- Harvest the aerial parts at the beginning of flowering, dry them on racks in a warm, well-ventilated area not exceeding 40 degrees Celsius away from direct sunlight, then store in an airtight container away from light and moisture
- Harvest the juice from the aerial parts at the beginning of flowering as needed
Medicine cabinet
- Dried flowering aerial part
- Tincture of fresh flowering aerial parts
- Infused oil of fresh flowering aerial parts
Gardening info
- ☀️ Exposure: full sun
- 🍃 Foliage: deciduous
- 🪴 Habit: erect
- ❄️ Hardiness: zone 5
- Height: up to 80 centimeters
- 🥁 IUCN: NE (not evaluated)
- ⏰ Lifespan: perennial
- 📍 Origin: Eurasian
- 🐝 Pollinator: melliferous and nectariferous
- ✂️ Pruning: not applicable
- Soil: eutrophic
- 💧 Water: drained
28 traditional uses
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Ache 1
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Allergic rhinitis 1
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Allergy 1
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Asthenia 1
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Asthma 1
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Bronchitis 1
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Cut 1
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Dermatitis 3
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Dermatosis 5
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Dyspepsia 1
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Eczema 1
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Edema 4
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Hemorrhoids 7
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Hepatic steatosis 1
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Icterus 6
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Incontinence 1
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Liver congestion 1
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Liver disease 2
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Mictional disorder 3
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Pimple 1
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Respiratory problem 1
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Scab 1
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Skin graze 1
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Sore 2
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Stomatitis 1
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Tonsillitis 1
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Tuberculous adenitis 2
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Varicose ulcer 3
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Dosages
Poultice externally
Crush the fresh flowering plant and apply it topically as a poultice, leave in place for 20 minutes 3 to 4 times a day 3
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "pulped leaves and flowers"]. Robinson.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "fresh plant […] applied as a poultice"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "broyez la plante fraîche, déposez la sur une compresse et laissez-la en place 20 min sur la zone à traiter […] 3 à 4 fois par jour"]. Tana.
Extract the juice from the flowering plant and apply it topically by gently massaging the affected area 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "juice of the herb"]. Tiger Books International.
External infusion
Infuse approx. 4 g of dried flowering plants or 12 g of finely chopped fresh plants in 150 ml of simmering water for 10 minutes off the heat, strain, and use warm in compresses or sitz baths 3 to 4 times a day 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "infuser 10 min à couvert 1 cuil. à soupe de linaire fraîche ou sèche dans 100 ml d’eau frémissante, filtrez […] 3 à 4 fois par jour"]. Tana.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 348, "50 g par litre"]. Editions Vigot.
Internal infusion
Infuse approx. 2 g of dried flowering plants or 6 g of fresh plants in 150 ml of boiling water for 10 minutes off the heat, strain, and drink 2 to 3 cups per day for 1 week 5
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "1 teaspoon to each cup boiling water, infuse 10 minutes, half-1 cup thrice daily"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 200, "15 g par litre, 3 tasses par jour"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "an infusion of 1 oz. to the pint"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "faites infuser 10 min à couvert 1 cuil. à café de parties aériennes fleuries fraîches ou sèches dans 250 ml d’eau frémissante, filtrez, buvez 2 à 3 tasses par jour pendant 1 semaine"]. Tana.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 348, "15 à 20 g par litre d’eau"]. Editions Vigot.
External oil macerate
Apply the infused oil as needed and gently massage the affected area 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "the whole herb is chopped and boiled in lard till crisp, then strained"]. Tiger Books International.
External tincture
Dilute 1 tablespoon of alcoholic tincture of fresh flowering plants in 1 glass of boiled water, use this mixture as a mouthwash for one minute 3 to 4 times a day 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "1 cuil. à soupe de teinture mère de linaire commune dans 1 verre d’eau […] en bain de bouche de 1 mn 3 à 4 fois par jour"]. Tana.
Internal tincture
Take a maximum of 10 drops per day of alcoholic tincture of fresh flowering plants diluted in a glass of water 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "20 à 30 gouttes 2 à 3 fois par jour pendant 1 semaine"]. Tana.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 388, "en TM maximum 10 gouttes par jour"]. Editions Grancher.
29 plant properties
Abortifacient 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "potentiellement abortive"]. Tana.
Alterative 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "alterative"]. Tiger Books International.
Analgesic 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "analgésique"]. Tana.
Anti-allergic 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "antiallergiques"]. Tana.
Anti-bacterial 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "antibactérienne"]. Tana.
Anti-inflammatory 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Tana.
Antifungal 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "fongicide"]. Tana.
Antihemorrhoidal 1
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 348, "antihémorroïdaire"]. Editions Vigot.
Antituberculosis 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "antiscrofula"]. Robinson.
Astringent 5
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "astringent"]. Robinson.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 570, "astringentes"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "astringent"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "astringente"]. Tana.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "astringent"]. North Atlantic Books.
Bronchodilator 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "bronchodilatateur"]. Tana.
Cholagogue 1
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 388, "cholagogue"]. Editions Grancher.
Cholorectic 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "cholérétiques"]. Tana.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "stimulate […] gallbladder secretion"]. North Atlantic Books.
Cleansing 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "detergent"]. Robinson.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "detergent"]. Tiger Books International.
Demulcent 2
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 595, "adoucissante"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 571, "adoucissante"]. Omnibus.
Depurative 2
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 388, "dépurative"]. Editions Grancher.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 348, "dépuratif"]. Editions Vigot.
Detoxifying 1
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "detoxify"]. North Atlantic Books.
Diaphoretic 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 571, "sudorifique"]. Omnibus.
Diuretic 7
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "diuretic"]. Robinson.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 595, "diurétique"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 571, "diurétique"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "diuretic"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "diurétique"]. Tana.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 388, "diurétique"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "diuretic"]. North Atlantic Books.
Emollient 2
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 595, "émolliente"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 570, "émollientes"]. Omnibus.
Expectorant 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "expectorant"]. Tana.
Hepatoprotective 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "mild liver tonic"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "stimulate liver"]. North Atlantic Books.
Laxative 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "laxative"]. Tana.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 388, "laxative"]. Editions Grancher.
Purgative 3
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 571, "purgatives"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "purgative"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "purgatives"]. Tana.
Resolving 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 570, "résolutives"]. Omnibus.
Soporific 2
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 595, "un peu narcotique"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 571, "narcotique"]. Omnibus.
Uterine tonic 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "utérostimulante"]. Tana.
Vasotonic 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "blood tonic"]. Robinson.
Vulnerary 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 570, "vulnéraires"]. Omnibus.
30 constituents
Alkaloid 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "alkaloid"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "alkaloid"]. North Atlantic Books.
Anthoxanthin 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "anthoxanthine"]. Omnibus.
Choline 1
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 388, "choline"]. Editions Grancher.
Citric acid 3
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "acides […] citrique"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "citric acids"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "citric acid"]. North Atlantic Books.
Cyanogen glycoside 1
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 388, "glycoside cyanogénétique"]. Editions Grancher.
Cyanogenic glucoside 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "combinaisons cyanogénétiques"]. Omnibus.
Essential oil 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "essential oil"]. Tiger Books International.
Flavonoid 4
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "flavonoids"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "flavonoïdes"]. Tana.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 388, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "flavonoids"]. North Atlantic Books.
Formic acid 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "acides […] formique"]. Omnibus.
Glucoside 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 571, "glucosides"]. Omnibus.
Gum 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "gomme"]. Omnibus.
Iridoid 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 144, "iridoïdes"]. Tana.
Linarin 5
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "linarin"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 200, "linarine"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 571, "linarine"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "linarin"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 144, "linarine (flower)"]. Tana.
Lipid 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "huile grasse (flower)"]. Omnibus.
Malic acid 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "acides […] malique"]. Omnibus.
Mannitol 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "mannite (flower)"]. Omnibus.
Mucilage 3
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 200, "mucilage"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "mucilage"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "mucilage"]. North Atlantic Books.
Organic acid 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "acides organiques (flower)"]. Omnibus.
Paraffin 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "paraffine (flower)"]. Omnibus.
Pectin 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "pectine"]. Omnibus.
Pectolinarine 3
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "pectolinarin"]. Robinson.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "pectolinarine (flower)"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "pectolinarian"]. Tiger Books International.
Phytosterol 2
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "phytostérine (flower)"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 144, "phytostérols"]. Tana.
Polyphenol 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 144, "polyphénols"]. Tana.
Sambucine 1
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 595, "antirrhinine"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
Sodium 1
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "sodium"]. North Atlantic Books.
Sterol 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 200, "stérols"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
Sugar 3
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "sucre"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "sugar"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "sugar"]. North Atlantic Books.
Tannic acid 2
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "acides […] tannique"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "tannic […] acids"]. Tiger Books International.
Tannin 3
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 200, "tanins"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 572, "tanin (flower)"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "tannins"]. North Atlantic Books.
Vasicine 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "peganine"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "vasicine"]. Tana.
24 common names
Brideweed 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "brideweed"]. Tiger Books International.
Butter and eggs 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "butter and eggs"]. Robinson.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "buttered haycocks"]. Tiger Books International.
Calves’ snout 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "calves’ snout"]. Tiger Books International.
Churnstaff 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "churnstaff"]. Tiger Books International.
Devil’s head 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "devil’s head"]. Tiger Books International.
Devil’s ribbon 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "devil’s ribbon"]. Tiger Books International.
Doggies 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "doggies"]. Tiger Books International.
Eggs and bacon 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "eggs and bacon"]. Tiger Books International.
Eggs and collops 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "eggs and collops"]. Tiger Books International.
Flaxweed 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "flaxweed"]. Tiger Books International.
Fluellin 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "fluellin"]. Tiger Books International.
Gallwort 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "gallwort"]. Tiger Books International.
Gragon-bushes 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "gragon-bushes"]. Tiger Books International.
Larkspur lion’s mouth 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "larkspur lion’s mouth"]. Tiger Books International.
Monkey flower 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "monkey flower"]. Tiger Books International.
Pattens and clogs 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "pattens and clogs"]. Tiger Books International.
Pedlar’s basket 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "pedlar’s basket"]. Tiger Books International.
Rabbits 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "rabbits"]. Tiger Books International.
Ramsted 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "ramsted"]. Tiger Books International.
Snapdragon 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "snapdragon"]. Tiger Books International.
Toad 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "toad"]. Tiger Books International.
Toadflax 3
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "toadflax"]. Robinson.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "toadflax"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "toadflax"]. North Atlantic Books.
Wild flax 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 571, "wild flax"]. Omnibus.
Yellow rod 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "yellow rod"]. Tiger Books International.
2 scientific names
Antirrhinum linaria 2
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 594, "Antirrhinum linaria L."]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 571, "Antirrhinum linaria L."]. Omnibus.
Linaria vulgaris 11
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 425, "Linaria vulgaris Mill."]. Robinson.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 594, "Linaria vulgaris"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary English doctor of taxonomy plants & Swedish doctor of pharmacy Dauncey, E., & Larsson, S. (2019). Les plantes qui tuent : les végétaux les plus toxiques du monde et leurs stratégies de défense [p. 16, "Linaria vulgaris"]. Ulmer.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 200, "Linaria vulgaris Mill."]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 571, "Linaria vulgaris Miller"]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 815, "Linaria vulgaris"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 144, "Linaria vulgaris Mill."]. Tana.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 388, "Linaria vulgaris Mill."]. Editions Grancher.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 347, "Linaria vulgaris"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2018). Plantes médicinales et tempéraments : aux sources d’une phytothérapie traditionnelle [p. 132, "Linaria vulgaris"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "Linaria vulgaris"]. North Atlantic Books.
Conditions of use
Contraindications
The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note
Toxicity
No toxicity at recommended doses 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "pas toxiques aux doses traditionnellement administrées"]. Tana.
Side effects
Risk of headaches and breathing difficulties in high doses 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 571, "si l’on persiste […] maux de tête […] gêne respiratoire avec des crises de toux"]. Omnibus.
Risk of intestinal problems in high doses 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 571, "après l’absorption de 10 à 30 gouttes en proportion ascendante se déclaraient des symptômes de catarrhe intestinal avec selles aqueuses et violentes flatuosités"]. Omnibus.
Drug interactions
No known drug interactions 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 200, "aucune connue"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
Precautions for use
The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note
Children
The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note
Pregnant or breastfeeding women
Do not use if pregnant or breast-feeding 2
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 200, "déconseillée pendant la grossesse"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2023). Le guide des plantes sauvages: 100 plantes essentielles aux vertus bienfaisantes [p. 145, "déconseillée pendant la grossesse"]. Tana.
Energetics
Tastes
Acrid 2
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "acrid"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "acrid"]. North Atlantic Books.
Bitter 3
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 595, "amère"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "bitterness"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 329, "bitter"]. North Atlantic Books.
Nauseous 1
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 595, "nauséeuse"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
Unpleasant 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 816, "unpleasant taste"]. Tiger Books International.
Elementary energies
Warm and dry 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2018). Plantes médicinales et tempéraments : aux sources d’une phytothérapie traditionnelle [p. 132, "chaud et sec"]. Editions Amyris.