Introduction
This page is the result of the aggregation of content from 29 sources. At Phyto-info, we have indexed, assembled and synthesized all the information found to summarize it, to make it readable and easy to access. We have carefully selected our sources from recognized and reliable people.
- Physician(s) 7
- Pharmacist(s) 8
- Herbalist(s) 12
- Other 2
- Physicians Dr. Patrick Depoërs graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of Lille in 1984; he practices homeopathy, acupuncture, phytotherapy, aromatherapy, nutritherapy and osteopathy in Dunkirk. Dr. Franck Ledoux obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1982 from the Lille University Hospital; He practices holistic medicine. Dr. Philippe Meurin obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1988, he also graduated in acupuncture, homeopathy and phytotherapy; he teaches at the GREAT.
- Physician Dr. Éric Lorrain is a phytotherapist in Grenoble. He chairs the European Institute of Plant Substances and teaches herbal medicine in the context of inter-university degrees and training for health professionals.
- Physician As for Jacques Labescat, he is a general practitioner, osteopath and homeopath. He is passionate about the well-being of man as a whole and the author of numerous books.
- Doctor & Ethnobotanist Dr. Gérard Debuigne is a French doctor, specializing in phytotherapy and nutrition. Hi co-author, Dr. François Couplan is a French ethnobotanist and writer, specializing in the traditional uses of wild edible plants, which he has studied on all five continents and of which he is a pioneer in Europe.
- Physician Dr. Jean Valnet (1920-1995) was a French physician and surgeon, specializing in herbal medicine in the fields of phytotherapy and aromatherapy.
- Physician Dr Jean Morel has been a doctor in Besançon since 1980. A student of Dr. Jean Valnet, he is president of the Franche-Comté Society of Société Franc-comtoise de Phytothérapie et d'Aromathérapie created in 1982. He has been using plants for more than thirty years and is a lecturer in the university degree in phytotherapy and aromatherapy at the faculty of Besançon.
- Physician & Biologist Dr. Christof Jänicke (1953-2017), was a doctor and worked as a pediatric surgeon in a clinic in Berlin. Its co-author, Dr. Jörg Grünwald, worked in Germany as a biologist for medical research, he also specializes in herbal medicine.
- Pharmacists Dr. Jacques Fleurentin is a doctor of pharmacy, lecturer at the University of Metz and President of the French Society of Ethnopharmacology. Its co-author, Dr. Jean-Claude Hayon, is a pharmacist and professor of botany.
- Pharmacists Dr. Claudine Luu is a doctor of pharmacy and natural sciences, she founded the Phytofrance laboratory, as well as the oldest herbalist school in France, IMDERPLAM located in the Hérault. Its co-author, Dr. Annie Fournier, is a doctor of pharmacy, specializing in phytotherapy and relaxation therapies.
- Pharmacist Dr. Carole Minker, pharmacist, has studied the traditional uses of medicinal plants by people around the world.
- Pharmacist Dr Jean Bruneton, honorary university professor, taught pharmacognosy at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Angers for 30 years. He is also a specialist in phytochemistry and has co-authored a hundred international scientific publications.
- Pharmacist Dr. Gilles Corjon is a doctor of pharmacy. Dr. Gilles Corjon is a doctor of pharmacy. Co-manager of a traditional herbalist shop for more than 25 years, he is currently a teacher and scientific director at the Lyon School of Medicinal Plants and Natural Knowledge.
- Pharmacists Dr. Loïc Girre is a professor at the University of Rennes-1 and a member of the National Academy of Pharmacy; he is also a specialist in medicinal plants and their history.
- Pharmacists Dr. Max Wichtl (1925-2019) was a chemist, biologist and pharmacist, he was also professor of pharmacognosy at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Vienna and then at the Philipps University of Marburg until his retirement. Dr. Robert Anton has a degree in pharmacy from the University of Strasbourg, he was professor of pharmacognosy and then director of the Pharmacognosy laboratory at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the same university.
- Researcher, Pharmacist & Herbalist Dr Monique Simmonds is Deputy Director of Science at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and has over 30 years' experience in different aspects of medicinal plant research. Dr Melanie-Jayne Howes, a registered pharmacist and chemist, completed a PhD in pharmacognosy before being appointed Plant Chemist at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Jason Irving is an herbalist and over the past five years has taught hundreds of people how to find, identify and use wild plants at his foraging and herbal medicine courses in London.
- Herbalist Thomas Bartram is a medical herbalist. He has lived and worked in Christchurch, Dorset in England. A Fellow of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists, the Royal Society of Health and the Health Food Institute, he was also the Editor of the journal 'Health for Herbs'.
- Herbalist Andrew Chevallier is an experienced medical herbalist and author of books on botanical medicine. He is a member and past president of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists and a member of the College of Practitioners of Herbal Medicine. He also helped found the Herbal Medicine Course at Middlesex University.
- Herbalist Jessica Houdret has a passion for herbs, she has grown them commercially and has led workshops on their many uses. She served on the board of the British Herb Trade Association for several years and served as a director.
- Herbalist Paul Iserin is head of the phytotherapy department at the Bobigny Faculty of Medicine.
- Herbalist Matthew Wood has been an herbalist for over 35 years in the United States. He holds a Master of Science in the field of medicinal plants from the Scottish School of Herbal Medicine, a degree recognized by the University of Wales in Scotland.
- Herbalist Sophia Emma Magdalene Grieve (1858-1941), aka Maud, Margaret, Maude or Mrs Grieve, was the founder and director of the Whins School of Medicinal and Commercial Herbalism at Chalfont St. Peter, in Buckinghamshire, England. She is best known today for her 1931 book, A Modern Herbal.
- Herbalist Terry Breverton, a contemporary British author with a passion for Welsh heritage, has rewritten Culpeper's famous book for a more modern audience. Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) was an English botanist known as the poor man's doctor, making herbal medicine accessible to all. His book, commonly referred to as Culpeper's Complete Herbal, was a huge success when it was first published and has been reprinted ever since.
- Herbalist Michel Pierre, a trained pharmacy technician, began his career in a pharmacy that manufactured its own medicines. He has been running the Herboristerie du Palais Royal in Paris since 1972. Michel Lis (1937-2015), nicknamed Michel the gardener or green moustache, was a French journalist, known for having hosted the column Michel le jardinier on France Inter.
- Herbalist Yves Vanopdenbosch is a graduate hospital nurse trained in Belgium, he directs the École des Plantes where he teaches traditional European phytotherapy.
- Herbalist Marie-Antoinette Mulot (1919-1999) was a French herbalist by virtue of her training as an herbalist at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Montpellier, she was the last to graduate in 1941.
- Herbalist Michel Dubray is an herbalist, a diploma approved by the French community in Belgium. He is also a nutritherapist who graduated from the School of Natural Medicine and Ethnomedicine in Paris.
- Herbalist Yves Vanopdenbosch is a graduate hospital nurse trained in Belgium, he directs the École des Plantes where he teaches traditional European phytotherapy.
- Publisher Dr. Anne-Claire Gagnon and colleagues wrote this book published by Éditions Vidal, a specialist in health information. It provides scientifically validated information on the benefits of medicinal plants.
- Journalist Sophie Lacoste, editor-in-chief of Rebelle-Santé magazine, has also run the health section of TV magazine for around twenty years.
However, Phyto-info is not responsible for what these sources tell us. We only report them in a different format.
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Of course, some sources would be invented, but it would still be appealing. Some of the dosages might be incorrect, but it would still be attractive. Some toxicities would be omitted, but it would at least have the merit of being produced in a few seconds.
But no, we wrote this page the old-fashioned way. By reading books and typing on a keyboard with our real little fingers. The internet seems to forget this; it's important not to say just anything.
Practical information
Family
Passifloraceae
Parts used
- Flowering aerial part
- Leaf
- Root
Picking info
- Harvest fresh leaves year-round as needed
- Harvest the plant during flowering, dry in a ventilated place, and then store in an airtight container away from light and moisture
- Harvest the roots in September, wash them, cut them, dry them in the shade in a warm and well-ventilated room not exceeding 40 degrees Celsius, then store in an airtight container away from light and moisture
Medicine cabinet
- Dried flowering aerial part
- Dried root
- Tincture of dried flowering aerial part
59 traditional uses
Dosages
Poultice externally
Crush a few fresh leaves into a mush and apply locally as a poultice 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 490, "feuilles en cataplasmes"]. Terre Vivante.
External decoction
Put approx. 2 g finely chopped dried roots in 150 ml cold water, simmer for 10 minutes, strain and use lukewarm as compresses 1
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 140, "root in an infusion"]. Frances Lincoln.
External infusion
Infuse approx. 4 g dried aerial parts in 150 ml of boiling water for 10 minutes off the heat, strain and use as a soothing bath 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 301, "en usage externe […] en application locale […] en bain apaisant, confectionnez une infusette géante en enfermant l’équivalent d’un verre de passiflore dans un baluchon formé avec une compresse, faite infuser dans un bain chaud"]. Larousse.
Internal infusion
Infuse approx. 2 g of dried aerial parts in 150 ml of boiling water for 10 minutes off the heat, strain and drink 1 to 3 cups per day, including 1 at bedtime 21
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "three or four times daily […] quarter to half a teaspoonto each cup boiling water, infuse 15 minutes"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 498, "1 à 4 prises par jour […] 1-2 g de plante pour 150 ml d’eau bouillante"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "drink up to 300 ml during the evening"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 104, "1 cuillère à café de plante séchée pour 1 tasse d’eau froide, prter à ébullition et laisser infuser 10 minutes hors du feu avant de filtrer, boire le soir au coucher"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "20 g de fleurs en bouton par litre d’eau bouillante, laisser infuser un quart d’heure, prendre 2 tasses par jour dont une le soir une heure avant le coucher"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "verser 150 ml d’eau bouillante sur 1 c à c rase (environ 2 g) de passiflore, infuser 10 à 15 minutes, boire 1 tasse d’infusion 2 à 4 fois par jour"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "4 à 8 g pour respectivement 1/4 à 1/2 litre d’eau par jour à répartir aux trois repas […] et à prendre après le repas du soir"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 340, "en infusion pour 150 ml d’eau bouillante […] une cuillerée à café soit 1 à 2 g de poudre de passiflore infusée pendant dix minutes, une à quatre prises par jour […] entre les repas dont une de préférence 30 minutes avant le coucher"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 36, "5g/250 ml , infusion de 10 minutes, buvez 1 tasse 2 fois dans la journée et 1 tasse au coucher"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 313, "150 ml d’eau bouillante sur 1 c. à café […], laissez infuser 10 min et buvez 1 tasse 2 à 3 fois par jour et 1 h avant d’aller au lit"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Labescat, J. (2022). Se soigner par les plantes: les remèdes naturels pour tous les maux du quotidien [p. 100, "30 à 50 g de feuilles fraîches ou sèches dans 1 litre d’eau, laisser bouillir 1 min puis infuser 10 min, filtrer, prendre 1 à 2 tasses par jour"]. Ulmer.
- Contemporary French journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 382, "2 à 3 tasses d’infusion avec 1 cuillerée à café de fleurs apr tasse d’eau, laissez reposer 5 minutes dans l’eau chaude"]. Leduc.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 802, "infusion de 1 à 2 c. à café […] de parties aériennes séchées pour 150 ml pendant 10 mn, 1 tasse 1 à 3 fois par jour"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "30 à 50g/l, faire bouillir 2 à 3 minutes, infuser 10 minutes, 1 tasse 3 à 4 fois/jour"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 301, "1 cuillère à café soit environ 2 g pour 1 tasse à thé […] d’eau frémissante […] infuser pendant 5 à 10 minutes, buvez 1 à 4 tasses par jour"]. Larousse.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 335, "pas plus de 2 cuillerées à soupe par jour en infusion, donc 1 cuillerée à soupe pour 1 tasse à thé d’eau bouillante, laisser infuser 10 minutes, une tasse le matin et l’autre au coucher"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary French herbalist and contemporary French gardener Pierre, M., & Lis, M. (2022). Secrets des plantes pour se soigner naturellement [p. 229, "en décoction pendant 2 min, à raison d’une cuillerée à soupe de plantes coupées par tasse […] une ou deux tasses le soir au coucher"]. Editions Artémis.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 141, "pour over freshly boiled water and leave to steep for ten to fifteen minutes"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 405, "une cuillerée à dessert par tasse d’eau bouillante, infuser 10 minutes, 2 à 3 tasses par jour, entre les repas, dont 1 au coucher"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 329, "1 cuillère à café par tasse, infusion 5 minutes, 2 à 3 tasses par jour"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "verser de l’eau bouillante sur 2 g de drogue finement coupée et filtrer après 5-10 min, boire 2 à 3 tasses au cours de la journée ou 1 à 2 tasses au coucher"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Internal tincture
Take 20 to 30 drops of alcoholic tincture diluted in a glass of water 1 to 3 times a day 10
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "2-4 ml"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "take 1 tsp with water daily"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 104, "30 à 40 gouttes dans un peu d’eau 2 fois par jour"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "40 à 50 de teinture [de fleurs séchées] le soir au coucher"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 119, "1 c. à c. dans de l’eau une fois ar jour"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 802, "20 à 30 gouttes 1 à 3 fois/jour dans de l’eau ou une infusion"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "30 à 50 gouttes 3 à 4 fois/jour"]. Terre Vivante.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 405, "30 à 50 gouttes au coucher"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 329, "XX gouttes 3 fois par jour dans un peu d’eau"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "2 à 5 g au moment du coucher"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
25 plant properties
Analgesic 10
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "analgesic"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "pain relief"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "analgésique"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "antalgique"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 338, "analgésique"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 195, "pain-relieving properties"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 119, "antalgique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 799, "analgésique"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "analgésique"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 263, "reduce pain"]. North Atlantic Books.
Anti-addiction 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "antiaddictive"]. Terre Vivante.
Anti-asthmatic 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 797, "antiasthmatiques"]. Dunod.
Anti-inflammatory 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Editions Ouest-France.
Antidepressive 2
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 618, "depressant"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 301, "antidépresseur"]. Larousse.
Antidiabetic 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 797, "antidiabétiques"]. Dunod.
Antiepileptic 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 797, "anticonvulsivantes"]. Dunod.
Antihemorrhoidal 1
- Contemporary French physician Labescat, J. (2022). Se soigner par les plantes: les remèdes naturels pour tous les maux du quotidien [p. 100, "anti-hémorroïdaire"]. Ulmer.
Antispasmodic 18
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "antispasmodic"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "antispasmodic"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 497, "antispasmodiques"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "antispasmodic"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 104, "anti-spasmodique"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "antispasmodique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 199, "antispasmodique"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 109, "antispasmodique"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 36, "antispasmodiques"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 119, "antispasmodique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 382, "antispasmodique"]. Leduc.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 798, "antispasmodique"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "antispasmodique"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "antispasmodique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French herbalist and contemporary French gardener Pierre, M., & Lis, M. (2022). Secrets des plantes pour se soigner naturellement [p. 229, "antispasmodique"]. Editions Artémis.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 404, "antispasmodique"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 329, "antispasmodique"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "spasmolytique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Antitussive 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 797, "antitussives"]. Dunod.
Anxiolytic 12
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 497, "tranquillisantes"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "tranquilizing"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 104, "anxiolytique"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "anxiolytique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "anxiolytique"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 36, "anxiolytique"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 119, "anxiolytiques"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 797, "anxiolytiques"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 301, "anxiolytique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 425, "anxiolytique"]. Editions Grancher.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 335, "anti-angoisse"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 329, "anxiolytique"]. Editions Amyris.
Bradycardic 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 800, "bradycardisante"]. Dunod.
Capillary protector 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 800, "résistance capillaire"]. Dunod.
Depurative 1
- Contemporary French physician Labescat, J. (2022). Se soigner par les plantes: les remèdes naturels pour tous les maux du quotidien [p. 100, "dépurative"]. Ulmer.
Hypotensive 3
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 618, "reducing arterial pressure"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 800, "hypotensive"]. Dunod.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 336, "hypotenseur"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
Muscle relaxant 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 800, "antispasmodique musculaire"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 425, "antispasmodique […] musculaire"]. Editions Grancher.
Musculotropic antispasmodic 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "antispasmodique […] musculotrope"]. Editions Ouest-France.
Nervine 4
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "calmants du système nerveux"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "neurosédatif"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "sédative du système nerveux"]. Terre Vivante.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 335, "calmants du système nerveux"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
Neuroprotective 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 104, "régulatrice du système nerveux"]. Editions Gisserot.
Neurotonic 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "nerve tonic"]. Quercus.
Respiratory stimulant 1
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 336, "stimulant respiratoire"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
Sedative 23
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "mild sedative"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "sedatives"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 497, "sédatives"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "sedative"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 104, "sédative"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "sédatifs"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "sédatif"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "sédatif"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 86, "sédatives"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 313, "calmant"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 195, "sedative"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 119, "sédatives"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Labescat, J. (2022). Se soigner par les plantes: les remèdes naturels pour tous les maux du quotidien [p. 100, "sédative"]. Ulmer.
- Contemporary French journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 382, "sédatif"]. Leduc.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 797, "sédatives"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 490, "sédatives"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 301, "sédative"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 425, "sédative"]. Editions Grancher.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 335, "sédatifs"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 404, "sédatif"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 329, "sédatif"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "sédatif"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 262, "sedative"]. North Atlantic Books.
Soporific 10
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "hypnotic"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 498, "pour favoriser le sommeil"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "sleep-inducing"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "hypnotiques"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "hypnotique"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "inducteur du sommeil"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 797, "hypnotiques"]. Dunod.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 335, "hypnotiques"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 140, "can help improve sleep quality"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 329, "somnifère"]. Editions Amyris.
Sympatholytic 1
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 199, "sympatholytique"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
Vasodilator 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "vasodilator"]. Robinson.
76 constituents
Alkaloid 12
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "alkaloids"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "alkaloids"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "faible proportion d’alcaloïdes"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "traces d’alcaloïdes"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "alcaloïdes"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 338, "alcaloïdes"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary French journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 382, "alcaloïdes"]. Leduc.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "alcaloïdes"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "alcaloïdes"]. Editions Grancher.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 404, "alcaloïdes"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 329, "traces d’alcaloïdes"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "traces d’alcaloïdes"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Alpha-pinene 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "α-pinène"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "α-pinène"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Amino acid 4
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "amino acids"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 119, "amino-acides"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "acides aminés libres"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "acides aminés libres"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Apigenin 6
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "apigenin"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 104, "apigénine"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "apigénine"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "apigénol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 382, "apigénine"]. Leduc.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "apigénine"]. Terre Vivante.
Arabinoglucan 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "arabinoglucane"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Benzoflavone 1
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "benzoflavone"]. Larousse.
Benzyl alcohol 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "alcools benzyliques"]. Lavoisier.
Beta-carboline 6
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "β-carbolines"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "β-carbolines"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 338, "bêtacarbolines"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "β-carbolines"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "bêta carbolines"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "β-carboline"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Caffeic acid 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "acide caféique"]. Dunod.
Calcium 1
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 335, "calcium"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
Carvone 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "carvone"]. Lavoisier.
Catechol 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "catéchol"]. Dunod.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 404, "catéchol"]. Editions Vigot.
Chlorogenic acid 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "acide […] chlorogénique"]. Dunod.
Chrysin 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "chrysine"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "chrysine"]. Terre Vivante.
Condensed tannin 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "tanins catéchiques"]. Dunod.
Coumarin 7
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "coumarines"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "coumarine"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "coumarines"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "coumarines"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "coumarines"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "coumarines"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "coumarines"]. Editions Grancher.
Cumene 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "cumène"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "cumène"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Cyanogen glycoside 6
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "hétérosides cyanogènes"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "cyanogenic glycosides"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "hétérosides cyanogénétiques"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "hétérosides cyanogènes"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "hétérosides cyanogènes"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 329, "hétéroside cyanogénétique"]. Editions Amyris.
Cyanogenic glucoside 4
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 313, "glucosides cyanogéniques"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 119, "glucosides cyanogénétiques"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "glucosides cyanogénétiques"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "glucoside cyanogénétique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Essential oil 8
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "huile essentielle"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "essence aromatique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "traces huile essentielle"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 313, "huile essentielle"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "huile essentielle"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "huile essentielle"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 329, "traces d’huile essentielle"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "huile essentielle"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Fatty acid 2
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 335, "acides gras"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 262, "fatty acids"]. North Atlantic Books.
Flavone 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "flavones"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "flavones"]. Larousse.
Flavone glycoside 3
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "hétérosides de flavones"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "hétérosides de flavones"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "hétérosides de flavones"]. Terre Vivante.
Flavonoid 21
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "flavonoids"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "flavonoids"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 495, "flavonoïdes"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "flavonoids"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 104, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "flavonoïdes"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 28, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 338, "flavonoïdes"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 313, "flavonoïdes"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 119, "flavonoïdes"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 382, "flavonoïdes"]. Leduc.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "flavonoïdes"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "flavonoïdes"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "flavonoïdes"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Grancher.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 404, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 328, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 431, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 262, "flavonoids"]. North Atlantic Books.
Flavonol 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "flavonols"]. Editions Ouest-France.
Fructose 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "fructose"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "fructose"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Gallic acid 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "acide gallique"]. Dunod.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 335, "acide gallique"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
Glucose 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "glucose"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "glucose"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Glycoprotein 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "glycoprotéines"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "glycoprotéines"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Gynocardin 8
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "gynocardine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "gynocardin"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 119, "gynocardine"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "gynocardine"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "gynocardine"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "gynocardine"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 329, "gynocardine"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "gynocardine"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Harmala alkaloid 9
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "harmane"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 104, "harmane"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "harmane"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "harmane"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "harmane"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "harmane"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "harmane"]. Dunod.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 404, "harmane"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "harmane"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Harmaline 3
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "harmaline"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 338, "harmalines"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "harmaline"]. Editions Ouest-France.
Harmalol 3
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "harmalol"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 329, "harmalol"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "harmalol"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Harmine 9
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "harmine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "harmine"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "harmine"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "harmine"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "harmine"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "harmine"]. Editions Grancher.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 404, "harmine"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 329, "harmine"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "harmine"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Harmol 7
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "harmol"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "harmol"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "harmol"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "harmol"]. Editions Grancher.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 404, "harmol"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 329, "harmol"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "harmol"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Hexanol 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "hexanol"]. Lavoisier.
Indole alkaloid 9
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "alcaloïdes indoliques"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "indole alkaloids"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 104, "alcaloïdes indoliques"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "alcaloïdes indoliques"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "alcaloïdes indoliques"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 119, "alcaloïdes indoliques"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "alcaloïdes indoliques"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "alcaloïdes indoliques"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 262, "indole alkaloids"]. North Atlantic Books.
Isoorientin 7
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "iso-orientine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "isoorientine"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "iso-orientol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "iso-orientine"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "iso-orientine"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 328, "isoorientine"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "isoorientine"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Isoschaftoside 5
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "isoschaftoside"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "isoshaftoside"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "isoshaftoside"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "isoshaftoside"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "isoschaftoside"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Isovitexin 7
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "isovitexine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "isovitexine"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "isovitexol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "isovitexine"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "isovitexine"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 328, "isovitexine"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "isovitexine"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Kaempferol 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "kaempférol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "kaempférol"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "kaempférol"]. Editions Grancher.
Limonene 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "limonène"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "limonène"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Linalool 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "linalol"]. Lavoisier.
Lucenin-2 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 497, "lucénine-2"]. Lavoisier.
Luteol 2
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "lutéol"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 382, "lutéol"]. Leduc.
Luteolin 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 104, "lutéoline"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "lutéolol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "lutéolol"]. Terre Vivante.
Maltol 13
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "maltol"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 104, "maltol"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "maltol"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "maltol"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "maltol"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "maltol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 338, "maltol"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "maltol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "maltol"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "maltol"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "maltol"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "maltol"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "maltol"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Meloside A 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 431, "isovitexine-2’‘-glucoside"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Orientin 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "orientine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "orientol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "orientine"]. Dunod.
Passiflorine 2
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "passiflorine"]. Quercus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 618, "passiflorine"]. Tiger Books International.
Pectin 1
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 404, "pectine"]. Editions Vigot.
Phenol 1
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "phénols"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
Phenolic acid 5
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "acides-phénols"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "acides-phénols"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "acides phénols"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "acides phénoliques"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "acides phénols"]. Editions Grancher.
Phenolic compound 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "composés phénoliques"]. Dunod.
Phenylethanol 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "alcools […] phénéthylique"]. Lavoisier.
Phytosterol 7
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "phytostérols"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "phytostérols"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "phytostérols"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "phytostérols"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "phytostérols"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "phytostérols"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "phytostérols"]. Editions Grancher.
Polysaccharide 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "polysaccharides"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "polysaccharides"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Potassium 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "potassium (fruit)"]. Quercus.
Pyrone 3
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "pyrone"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "pyrone"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "pyrone"]. Editions Grancher.
Quercetin 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "quercétol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "quercétine"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "quercétol"]. Editions Grancher.
Raffinose 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "raffinose"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "raffinose"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Rutoside 3
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "rutin"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "rutoside"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 262, "rutin"]. North Atlantic Books.
Saponarin 4
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "saponarin"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "saponarine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "saponarine"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "saponarol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
Schaftoside 8
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "schaftoside"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "shaftoside"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "shaftoside"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "shaftoside"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "shaftoside"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "shaftoside"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 328, "shaftoside"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 431, "schaftoside"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Sterol 2
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "stérols"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 262, "sterols"]. North Atlantic Books.
Sugar 3
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "sucre"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 328, "sucres"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "sucres"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Swertisin 4
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 497, "swertisine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "swertisine"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 328, "swertisine"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "swertisine"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Tannin 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "tanins"]. Dunod.
Terpene 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "terpènes"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Terpene hydrocarbon 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "carbures terpéniques"]. Lavoisier.
Vicenin-2 4
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "vicénine-2"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "vicénine-2"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "vicénine-2"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 431, "vicénine-2"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Vitamin A 2
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "vitamins A (fruit)"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "vitamine […] A ([ERROR : app.fuit])"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
Vitamin C 2
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "vitamins […] C (fruit)"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "vitamine C (fruit)"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
Vitexin 8
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 495, "vitexine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "vitéxine"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 28, "vitexine"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "vitexol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "vitexine"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "vitexine"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "vitexine"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 431, "vitexine"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Zizaene 3
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "zizaène"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "zizaène"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "zizaène"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Zizanene 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 796, "zizanène"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "zizanène"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
11 common names
Granadilla 2
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "granadilla"]. Quercus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 618, "granadilla"]. Tiger Books International.
Maracoc 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 618, "maracoc"]. Tiger Books International.
Maypop 6
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "maypop"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "maypops"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "maypop"]. Penguin Random House.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 618, "maypop"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 795, "maypop"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 431, "maypop"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Passiflora 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "passiflora"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 262, "passiflora"]. North Atlantic Books.
Passion flower 7
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "passion flower"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "passion flower"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "passion flower"]. Penguin Random House.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 618, "passion flower"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 195, "passion flower"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 795, "passion flower"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French herbalist and contemporary French gardener Pierre, M., & Lis, M. (2022). Secrets des plantes pour se soigner naturellement [p. 229, "passion flower"]. Editions Artémis.
Passion vine 2
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "passion vine"]. Quercus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 618, "passion vine"]. Tiger Books International.
Passionflower 2
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 140, "passionflower"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 262, "passionflower"]. North Atlantic Books.
Purple passion flower 2
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "purple passion flower"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 795, "purple passion flower"]. Dunod.
True passionflower 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 795, "true passionflower"]. Dunod.
Wild apricot 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 795, "wild apricot"]. Dunod.
Wild passion vine 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 795, "wild passion vine"]. Dunod.
scientific name
Passiflora incarnata 28
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "Passiflora incarnata L."]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 259, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 495, "P. incarnata"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 104, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 198, "Passiflora incarnata L."]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "Passiflora incarnata L."]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 28, "Passiflora incarnata L."]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 338, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 36, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 618, "Passiflora incarnata (Linn.)"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 313, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 195, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 119, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Labescat, J. (2022). Se soigner par les plantes: les remèdes naturels pour tous les maux du quotidien [p. 100, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Ulmer.
- Contemporary French journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 381, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Leduc.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 795, "Passiflora incarnata L."]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 490, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 300, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 424, "Passiflora incarnata L."]. Editions Grancher.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 334, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary French herbalist and contemporary French gardener Pierre, M., & Lis, M. (2022). Secrets des plantes pour se soigner naturellement [p. 229, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Editions Artémis.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 140, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 404, "Passiflora incarnata"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 328, "Passiflora incarnata L."]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 430, "Passiflora incarnata L."]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 262, "Passiflora incarnata"]. North Atlantic Books.
Conditions of use
Contraindications
Contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to active substances 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 801, "hypersensibilité aux substances actives"]. Dunod.
Contraindicated in case of liver failure 2
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 342, "déconseillée aux personnes […] qui souffrent de maladies du foie"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 264, "contraindicated by a dirty and heavily coated tongue"]. North Atlantic Books.
Contraindicated in case of passionflower allergy 1
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 340, "allergie à la passiflore"]. Vidal.
Toxicity
No toxicity at recommended doses for the aerial part 4
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 498, "ni manifestation de toxicité"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 382, "aucune toxicité"]. Leduc.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 801, "aucune aux doses recommandées"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 490, "innocuité"]. Terre Vivante.
Risk of hydrocyanic acid toxicity for the roots 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Girre, L. (1992). La santé par les plantes [p. 37, "les racines […] renferment des substances cyanogénétiques libérant de l’acide cyanhydrique, d’où les propriétés toxiques de cette organe"]. Editions Ouest-France.
Side effects
Rare risk of allergic reactions 3
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 247, "dans de rares cas […] réactions allergiques"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 341, "réactions allergiques"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 313, "dans de rares case […] réactions allergiques"]. Marabout.
Rare risk of nausea, vomiting and digestive disorders 2
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 341, "rares, nausées, troubles digestifs, vomissements"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "risque d’effets nécessitant une réduction de dose […] nausées, vomissements"]. Terre Vivante.
Rare risk of tachycardia 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "risque d’effets nécessitant une réduction de dose, tachycardies"]. Terre Vivante.
Risk of drowsiness and decreased alertness 11
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 498, "la prise de passiflore peut altérer la capacité à conduire et à utiliser des machines"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "can cause drowsiness"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "à forte dose […] peut entraîner un état de somnolence"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "peut provoquer de la somnolence"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 341, "peut être responsable d’une baisse de vigilance"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 313, "peut déclencher de la somnolence et donc nuire à la conduite"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 119, "peut provoquer des somnolences"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Labescat, J. (2022). Se soigner par les plantes: les remèdes naturels pour tous les maux du quotidien [p. 101, "peut diminuer la vigilance des conducteurs"]. Ulmer.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 801, "pourrait entraîner une baisse de la vigilance"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "risque […] somnolence"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 140, "can cause drowsiness and should not be taken if driving or operating machinery"]. Frances Lincoln.
Risk of headaches and vision problems in high doses 6
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 330, "à forte dose […] peut entraîner […] des troubles de la conscience"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "des doses très élevées peuvent engendrer des cépahalées"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Labescat, J. (2022). Se soigner par les plantes: les remèdes naturels pour tous les maux du quotidien [p. 101, "en surdose, elle peut provoquer des migraines et des troubles de la vue"]. Ulmer.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 801, "très fortes doses […] pourraient provoquer des céphalées et des troubles de la vision"]. Dunod.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 335, "à dose importante […] fortes migraines et […] troubles de la vue"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 432, "des doses trop élevées peuvent engendrer des céphalées"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Drug interactions
Do not use with alcoholic beverages 1
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 342, "éviter de consommer des boissons alcolisées"]. Vidal.
Do not use with analgesics 1
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 342, "pourrait augmenter le risque de somnolence de nombreux médicaments, […] antalgiques"]. Vidal.
Do not use with anticoagulants 2
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 342, "médicaments destinés à fluidifier le sang (anticoagulant)"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 801, "pourrait augmenter […] l’activité des anticoagulants"]. Dunod.
Do not use with antiepileptic drugs 1
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 342, "pourrait augmenter le risque de somnolence de nombreux médicaments, […] antiépileptiques"]. Vidal.
Do not use with antipsychotic neuroleptics 1
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 342, "pourrait augmenter le risque de somnolence de nombreux médicaments, […] neuroleptiques antipsychotiques"]. Vidal.
Do not use with opium-derived cough suppressants 1
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 342, "pourrait augmenter le risque de somnolence de nombreux médicaments, […] antitussifs dérivés de l’opium"]. Vidal.
Do not use with sleeping pills, tranquilizers, and antidepressants 4
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 342, "pourrait augmenter le risque de somnolence de nombreux médicaments, somnifères […], tranquilisants, antidépresseurs"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary French physician Labescat, J. (2022). Se soigner par les plantes: les remèdes naturels pour tous les maux du quotidien [p. 101, "ne doit pas être […] associée à des médicaments de type barbituriques, anxiolytiques ou sédatifs"]. Ulmer.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 801, "pourrait augmenter l’effet sédatif des plantes et des médicaments de synthèse de type anxiolytique ou antidépresseur"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 301, "antidépresseur […] attention aux interactions médicamenteuses"]. Larousse.
Precautions for use
Limit use to a period of less than four weeks 1
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 343, "la durée du traitement ne devrait pas dépasser quatre semaines"]. Vidal.
Purple passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) should not be confused with blue passionflower (Passiflora caerulea) with toxic substances 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 496, "falsification […] par P. caerulea"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 247, "[ne pas confondre avec] la fleur de la passion bleue (Passiflora caerulea L.) qui contient de la cyanide, substance toxique; Passiflora incarnata et Passiflora edulis n’en contiennent pas"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "[ne pas confondre avec] Passiflora coerulea [sic] (toxique contrairement à […] P. incarnata)"]. Terre Vivante.
Children
Do not use in children under 12 years of age 6
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 498, "adolescent de plus de 12 ans"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 29, "déconseillée chez l’enfant de moins de 12 ans"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 340, "aux enfants de plus de douze ans"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 801, "pas recommandée […] chez les enfants de moins de 12 ans"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 301, "évitez […] chez l’enfant de moins de 12 ans"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 265, "causes overexcitement and vomiting in children four and under"]. North Atlantic Books.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women
Do not use if pregnant or breast-feeding 8
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 330, "low doses in pregnancy"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 498, "ni chez la femme enceinte ou allaitante"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 124, "do not take high doses during pregnancy"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 343, "déconseiller son usage pendant la grossesse, les femmes qui allaitent doivent également s’abstenir d’en prendre"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary French physician Labescat, J. (2022). Se soigner par les plantes: les remèdes naturels pour tous les maux du quotidien [p. 101, "ne doit pas être utilisée durant la grossesse et l’allaitement"]. Ulmer.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 801, "pas recommandée chez la femme enceinte ou allaitante"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "ne pas utiliser en cas de grossesse"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 301, "éviter […] pendant la grossesse et l’allaitement"]. Larousse.
Energetics
Tastes
Sour 1
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 263, "sour"]. North Atlantic Books.
Sweet 1
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 263, "sweet"]. North Atlantic Books.
Tasteless 2
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 491, "saveur nulle"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 430, "insipide"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Elementary energies
Cool and dry 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2018). Plantes médicinales et tempéraments : aux sources d’une phytothérapie traditionnelle [p. 138, "froid et sec"]. Editions Amyris.
Cooling 1
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2009). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to new world medicinal plants (vol 2) [p. 262, "cooling"]. North Atlantic Books.