African plum tree

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Introduction

This page is the result of the aggregation of content from 11 sources. At Phyto-info, we have indexed, assembled and synthesized all the information found to summarize it, to make it readable and easy to access. We have carefully selected our sources from recognized and reliable people.

Physician(s) 4
Pharmacist(s) 5
Herbalist(s) 1
Other 1

Physicians Dr. Patrick Depoërs graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of Lille in 1984; he practices homeopathy, acupuncture, phytotherapy, aromatherapy, nutritherapy and osteopathy in Dunkirk. Dr. Franck Ledoux obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1982 from the Lille University Hospital; He practices holistic medicine. Dr. Philippe Meurin obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1988, he also graduated in acupuncture, homeopathy and phytotherapy; he teaches at the GREAT.
Physician & Biologist Dr. Christof Jänicke (1953-2017), was a doctor and worked as a pediatric surgeon in a clinic in Berlin. Its co-author, Dr. Jörg Grünwald, worked in Germany as a biologist for medical research, he also specializes in herbal medicine.
Physician Dr. Éric Lorrain is a phytotherapist in Grenoble. He chairs the European Institute of Plant Substances and teaches herbal medicine in the context of inter-university degrees and training for health professionals.
Physician Dr Jean Morel has been a doctor in Besançon since 1980. A student of Dr. Jean Valnet, he is president of the Franche-Comté Society of Société Franc-comtoise de Phytothérapie et d'Aromathérapie created in 1982. He has been using plants for more than thirty years and is a lecturer in the university degree in phytotherapy and aromatherapy at the faculty of Besançon.
Pharmacist Dr. Carole Minker, pharmacist, has studied the traditional uses of medicinal plants by people around the world.
Pharmacist Dr Jean Bruneton, honorary university professor, taught pharmacognosy at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Angers for 30 years. He is also a specialist in phytochemistry and has co-authored a hundred international scientific publications.
Pharmacists Dr. Jacques Fleurentin is a doctor of pharmacy, lecturer at the University of Metz and President of the French Society of Ethnopharmacology. Its co-author, Dr. Jean-Claude Hayon, is a pharmacist and professor of botany.
Pharmacists Dr. Claudine Luu is a doctor of pharmacy and natural sciences, she founded the Phytofrance laboratory, as well as the oldest herbalist school in France, IMDERPLAM located in the Hérault. Its co-author, Dr. Annie Fournier, is a doctor of pharmacy, specializing in phytotherapy and relaxation therapies.
Researcher, Pharmacist & Herbalist Dr Monique Simmonds is Deputy Director of Science at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and has over 30 years' experience in different aspects of medicinal plant research. Dr Melanie-Jayne Howes, a registered pharmacist and chemist, completed a PhD in pharmacognosy before being appointed Plant Chemist at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Jason Irving is an herbalist and over the past five years has taught hundreds of people how to find, identify and use wild plants at his foraging and herbal medicine courses in London.
Herbalist Michel Dubray is an herbalist, a diploma approved by the French community in Belgium. He is also a nutritherapist who graduated from the School of Natural Medicine and Ethnomedicine in Paris.
Publisher Dr. Anne-Claire Gagnon and colleagues wrote this book published by Éditions Vidal, a specialist in health information. It provides scientifically validated information on the benefits of medicinal plants.

However, Phyto-info is not responsible for what these sources tell us. We only report them in a different format.

Practical information

Family

Rosaceae

Parts used

Bark

Picking info

Harvest bark only in authorised areas, under permit, and in accordance with CITES quotas

Medicine cabinet

Dried bark
Dried bark powder

6 traditional uses

PreparationPartFormUse
Begnin prostate hyperplasia (BPH) 9 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "hypertrophie prostatique"]. Lavoisier. Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir. Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 307, "hypertrophie bégnine de la prostate"]. Editions Ouest-France. Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 124, "HBP"]. Vidal. Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 880, "hyperplasie bénigne de la prostate (HBP)"]. Dunod. Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 536, "hypertrophie bégnine de la prostate"]. Terre Vivante. Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 340, "hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate"]. Larousse. Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 169, "hypertrophie bégnine de la prostate"]. Editions Grancher. Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 165, "begnin prostatic hyperplasia"]. Frances Lincoln.	✓	✓
Dysuria 1 Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 882, "dysurie"]. Dunod.	✓	✓
Malaria 4 Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 265, "malaria"]. Editions Lucien Souny. Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 336, "malaria"]. Marabout. Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "paludisme"]. Terre Vivante. Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 165, "malaria"]. Frances Lincoln.	✓	✓
Mictional disorder 4 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "troubles mictionnels"]. Lavoisier. Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 265, "douleurs lors de la miction"]. Editions Lucien Souny. Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 306, "difficultés de la miction"]. Editions Ouest-France. Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 336, "douleurs lors de la miction"]. Marabout.	✓	✓
Pollakiuria 5 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "pollakiurie nocturne"]. Lavoisier. Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "pollakiurie"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir. Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 882, "pollakiurie nocturne"]. Dunod. Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "pollakiurie nocturne"]. Terre Vivante. Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "pollakiurie nocturne"]. Editions Grancher.	✓	✓
Prostatitis 1 Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 340, "prostatite"]. Larousse.	✓	✓

Dosages

Internal decoction

Put approx. 2 g finely chopped dried bark in 150 ml (1 teacup) cold water, simmer for 10 minutes, strain and drink 2 to 3 cups per day 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 883, "décoction d’écorce, 1 c. à café/tasse, faire bouillir 10 mn puis infuser 10 mn et filtrer, 2 à 3 tasses par jour"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "20 g d’écorce dans 200 ml d’eau et boire 1 demi-tasse 3 fois /jour"]. Terre Vivante.

Powder of dried plants internal intake

Take 200 to 400 mg of dry plant powder per day outside of meals for 2 months renewable 3
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 265, "DJMA: poudre de plante sèche 1 g"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 883, "poudre […] de 200 à 400 mg […] dans un verre de jus de fruit […] pendant 2 mois renouvelable"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "60 à 500 mg/jour, en dehors des repas"]. Terre Vivante.

5 plant properties

Anti-edematous 4
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "antioedémateuse"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 880, "anti-oedémateuses"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "anti-oedémateux"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "anti-oedémateux"]. Editions Grancher.
Anti-inflammatory 9
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 307, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 336, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 880, "anti-inflammatoires"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 341, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 165, "anti-inflammatory"]. Frances Lincoln.
Antiandrogenic 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 340, "anti-androgénique"]. Larousse.
Antiproliferative 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 341, "anti-proliférative"]. Larousse.
Hypocholesterolemic 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "hypocholestérolémiant"]. Terre Vivante.

27 constituents

Aliphatic alcohol 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 340, "alcools aliphatiques"]. Larousse.
Alkanol 2
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 307, "alcanols"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "alcanols"]. Terre Vivante.
Atraric acid 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 340, "acide atrarique"]. Larousse.
Beta-amyrin 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "β-amyrine"]. Dunod.
Beta-sitosterol 8
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "β-sitostérol"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "bêta-sitostérol"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 265, "β-sitostérol"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 307, "β-sitostérol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "β-sitostérol"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "bêta-sitostérol"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 340, "β-sitostérol"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "bêta-sitostérol"]. Editions Grancher.
Beta-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "β-sitostérol-3-O-glucoside"]. Dunod.
Campesterol 7
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "campestérol"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "campestérol"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 307, "campestérol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "campestérol"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "campestérol"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 340, "campestérol"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "campestérol"]. Editions Grancher.
Crataegolic acid 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "acide […] crataegolique"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "acides […] crataegolique"]. Editions Grancher.
Docosanol 2
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 307, "docosanol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 124, "doconasol [sic]"]. Vidal.
Epimaslinic acid. 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "acide […] épimaslinique"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "acides […] épimaslinique"]. Editions Grancher.
Fatty acid 5
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "acides gras"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 265, "acides gras"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 307, "acides gras"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 336, "acides gras"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 340, "acides gras"]. Larousse.
Ferulic acid 1
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "acide férulique"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
Lipid 1
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 169, "lipides"]. Editions Grancher.
Long-chain fatty acid 3
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "acides gras en C 12-C 24"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "acides gras en C12-C24"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "acides gras en C12-C24"]. Editions Grancher.
N-alkanol 4
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "alcanols linéaires"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "alcools linéaires"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "alcanols linéaires"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "alcanols linéaires"]. Editions Grancher.
N-docosanol 5
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "n-docosanol"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "esters de l’acide férulique"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "n-doconasol"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "n-docosanol = ester d’acide férulique"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "n-docosanol"]. Editions Grancher.
N-tetracosanol 5
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "n-tétracosanol"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 307, "n-tétracosanol"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "n-tétraconasol"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "n-tétraconasol"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "n-tétracosanol"]. Editions Grancher.
Oleanolic acid 5
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "acides […] oléanolique"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 307, "acides […] oléanolique"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "acide […] oléanolique"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "acide […] oléanolique"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "acides […] oléanolique"]. Editions Grancher.
Palmitic acid 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 307, "acide palmitique"]. Editions Ouest-France.
Pentacyclic triterpene 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "triterpènes pentacycliques"]. Terre Vivante.
Pentacyclic triterpenic acid 4
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "acides triterpéniques pentacycliques"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "acides triterpéniques pentacycliques"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "acides triterpéniques pentacycliques"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "acides triterpéniques pentacycliques"]. Editions Grancher.
Phytosterol 7
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "phytostérols"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "phytostérols"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 307, "phytostérols"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 336, "phytostérols"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "phytostérols"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 340, "phytostérols"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "phytostérols"]. Editions Grancher.
Sterol 5
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 265, "stérols"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 124, "stérols"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 336, "stérols"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "stérols"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "stérols"]. Terre Vivante.
Tocopherol 1
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "tocophérols"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
Triterpene 5
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 265, "triterpènes"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 336, "triterpènes"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "triterpènes"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "triterpènes"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 340, "triterpènes"]. Larousse.
Triterpenic acid 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 307, "acides triterpéniques"]. Editions Ouest-France.
Ursolic acid 5
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "acides […] ursolique"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 307, "acides […] ursolique"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "acide ursolique"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "acide ursolique"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "acides […] ursolique"]. Editions Grancher.

5 common names

African plum tree 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "african plum tree"]. Dunod.
Iron wood 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "iron wood"]. Dunod.
Kanda stick 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "kanda stick"]. Dunod.
Pygeum 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "pygeum"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 165, "pygeum"]. Frances Lincoln.
Red stinkwood 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "red stinkwood"]. Dunod.

2 scientific names

Prunus africana 8
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 211, "Prunus africana Kalkman"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "Prunus africana Kalkm"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 306, "Prunus africana Kalkman"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 336, "Prunus africana"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "Prunus africana kalkman"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 536, "Prunus africana"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 525, "Prunus africana Kalkm"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 165, "Prunus africana"]. Frances Lincoln.
Pygeum africanum 8
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 265, "Pygeum africanum"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 306, "Pygeum africanum"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 124, "Pygeum africanum"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 336, "Pygeum africanum"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 879, "Pygeum africanum"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 536, "Pygeum africanum"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 341, "Pygeum africanum"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 169, "Pygeum africanum"]. Editions Grancher.

Conditions of use

Contraindications

Contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to active substances 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 882, "hypersensibilité aux substances actives"]. Dunod.

Contraindicated in case of hypertension 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "déconseillé en cas d’hypertension"]. Terre Vivante.

Contraindicated in case of peanut oil intolerance 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "attention aux intolérances à l’huile d’arachide"]. Terre Vivante.

Toxicity

No known toxicity to date 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "atoxique"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 882, "aucune connue"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "non toxique"]. Terre Vivante.

Side effects

Risk of mild gastrointestinal upset 6
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "ses effets indésirables, rares, sont gastro-intestinaux"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 225, "rares […] nausée, constipation, diarrhée"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 265, "très rarement des douleurs gastro-intestinales légères"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 336, "dans de rares cas, de légères douleurs gastro-intestinales"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 883, "rarement, troubles gastro-intestinaux bénins"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "rarement, troubles gastro-intestinaux (bénins)"]. Terre Vivante.

Drug interactions

None known 2
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 265, "aucune connue"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 883, "aucune connue"]. Dunod.

Precautions for use

Limit the use of this plant, it is on the list of endangered species 4
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 212, "l’espèce est inscrite sur la liste des espèces […] menacées (CITES, annexe II), des essais cultures ont été réalisés avec succès"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 336, "la culture de cet arbre est actuellement sérieusement menacée en raison de sa surexploitation"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 536, "espèce menacée d’extinction surtout au Cameroun et à Madagascar"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 165, "endangered species"]. Frances Lincoln.

None known 2
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 336, "aucune connue"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 883, "aucune connue"]. Dunod.

Children

Do not use in children under 18 years of age 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 882, "déconseille […] chez les enfants et les adolescents de moins de 18 ans"]. Dunod.

Pregnant or breastfeeding women

Do not use if pregnant or breast-feeding 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 882, "l’indication thérapeutique […] du Prunier d’Afrique ne concerne pas la femme"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 537, "s’abstenir en cas de grossesse et d’allaitement"]. Terre Vivante.

Energetics

Tastes

Bitter 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 536, "amère"]. Terre Vivante.

Elementary energies

The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note