Introduction
This page is the result of the aggregation of content from 20 sources. At Phyto-info, we have indexed, assembled and synthesized all the information found to summarize it, to make it readable and easy to access. We have carefully selected our sources from recognized and reliable people.
- Physician(s) 4
- Pharmacist(s) 2
- Herbalist(s) 14
- Physician Dr. François-Joseph Cazin (1788-1864) was a French physician. Author of an imposing Practical and Reasoned Treatise on Indigenous Medicinal Plants, he is considered the ancestor of the French school of phytotherapy.
- Doctor & Ethnobotanist Dr. Gérard Debuigne is a French doctor, specializing in phytotherapy and nutrition. Hi co-author, Dr. François Couplan is a French ethnobotanist and writer, specializing in the traditional uses of wild edible plants, which he has studied on all five continents and of which he is a pioneer in Europe.
- Physician Dr. Jean Valnet (1920-1995) was a French physician and surgeon, specializing in herbal medicine in the fields of phytotherapy and aromatherapy.
- Physician Dr Jean Morel has been a doctor in Besançon since 1980. A student of Dr. Jean Valnet, he is president of the Franche-Comté Society of Société Franc-comtoise de Phytothérapie et d'Aromathérapie created in 1982. He has been using plants for more than thirty years and is a lecturer in the university degree in phytotherapy and aromatherapy at the faculty of Besançon.
- Pharmacists Dr. Max Wichtl (1925-2019) was a chemist, biologist and pharmacist, he was also professor of pharmacognosy at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Vienna and then at the Philipps University of Marburg until his retirement. Dr. Robert Anton has a degree in pharmacy from the University of Strasbourg, he was professor of pharmacognosy and then director of the Pharmacognosy laboratory at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the same university.
- Researcher, Pharmacist & Herbalist Dr Monique Simmonds is Deputy Director of Science at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and has over 30 years' experience in different aspects of medicinal plant research. Dr Melanie-Jayne Howes, a registered pharmacist and chemist, completed a PhD in pharmacognosy before being appointed Plant Chemist at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Jason Irving is an herbalist and over the past five years has taught hundreds of people how to find, identify and use wild plants at his foraging and herbal medicine courses in London.
- Herbalist Thomas Bartram is a medical herbalist. He has lived and worked in Christchurch, Dorset in England. A Fellow of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists, the Royal Society of Health and the Health Food Institute, he was also the Editor of the journal 'Health for Herbs'.
- Herbalist Terry Breverton, a contemporary British author with a passion for Welsh heritage, has rewritten Culpeper's famous book for a more modern audience. Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) was an English botanist known as the poor man's doctor, making herbal medicine accessible to all. His book, commonly referred to as Culpeper's Complete Herbal, was a huge success when it was first published and has been reprinted ever since.
- Herbalist Paul-Victor Fournier (1877-1964) was a French canon and botanist. His major work, 'Les quatre flores de France', published between 1934 and 1940, remains a reference work for the identification of plants in the field.
- Herbalist Jessica Houdret has a passion for herbs, she has grown them commercially and has led workshops on their many uses. She served on the board of the British Herb Trade Association for several years and served as a director.
- Herbalist & Gardener Michel Pierre, a trained pharmacy technician, began his career in a pharmacy that manufactured its own medicines. He has been running the Herboristerie du Palais Royal in Paris since 1972. Michel Lis (1937-2015), nicknamed Michel the gardener or green moustache, was a French journalist, known for having hosted the column Michel le jardinier on France Inter.
- Herbalist Yves Vanopdenbosch is a graduate hospital nurse trained in Belgium, he directs the École des Plantes where he teaches traditional European phytotherapy.
- Herbalists Steffen G. Fleischhauer is a landscape designer, specialist in wild plants and author of several identification guides; Astrid Sussmuth is a phytotherapist.
- Herbalist Marie-Antoinette Mulot (1919-1999) was a French herbalist by virtue of her training as an herbalist at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Montpellier, she was the last to graduate in 1941.
- Herbalist Paul Iserin is head of the phytotherapy department at the Bobigny Faculty of Medicine.
- Herbalist Andrew Chevallier is an experienced medical herbalist and author of books on botanical medicine. He is a member and past president of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists and a member of the College of Practitioners of Herbal Medicine. He also helped found the Herbal Medicine Course at Middlesex University.
- Herbalist Michel Dubray is an herbalist, a diploma approved by the French community in Belgium. He is also a nutritherapist who graduated from the School of Natural Medicine and Ethnomedicine in Paris.
- Herbalist Matthew Wood has been an herbalist for over 35 years in the United States. He holds a Master of Science in the field of medicinal plants from the Scottish School of Herbal Medicine, a degree recognized by the University of Wales in Scotland.
- Herbalist Sophia Emma Magdalene Grieve (1858-1941), aka Maud, Margaret, Maude or Mrs Grieve, was the founder and director of the Whins School of Medicinal and Commercial Herbalism at Chalfont St. Peter, in Buckinghamshire, England. She is best known today for her 1931 book, A Modern Herbal.
- Herbalist Yves Vanopdenbosch is a graduate hospital nurse trained in Belgium, he directs the École des Plantes where he teaches traditional European phytotherapy.
However, Phyto-info is not responsible for what these sources tell us. We only report them in a different format.
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Practical information
Family
Boraginaceae
Parts used
- Leaf
Picking info
- Harvest the basal leaves at the end of flowering in late spring, dry quickly in a dry and airy place because they are very fragile, then store in an airtight container away from light and humidity
Medicine cabinet
- Dried leaf
- Dried leaf syrup
- Tincture of dried leaf
Gardening info
- ☀️ Exposure: semi-shade to shade
- 🍃 Foliage: deciduous to semi-evergreen
- 🪴 Growth habit: ground cover
- ❄️ Hardiness: zone 5a
- Height: from 15 to 30 cm
- 🥁 IUCN: LC (least concern)
- ⏰ Lifespan: perennial
- 📍 Origin: Central and Western Europe
- 🐝 Pollinator: melliferous
- ✂️ Pruning: pruning of faded foliage after flowering in early summer to stimulate the appearance of new leaves
- Substrate: fresh and moist, rich in humus, fertile and well-drained
- 💧 Watering: moderate
36 traditional uses
Dosages
Poultice externally
Crush a few fresh leaves into a mush and apply locally as a poultice 3
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 267, "leaves […] have been applied externally"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 344, "cataplasmes appliqués dns la région du coeur"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "cataplasme de feuilles fraîches"]. Editions Amyris.
External infusion
Infuse approx. 2 g of dried leaves in 150 ml of boiling water for 10 minutes off the heat, filter and use lukewarm as compresses 4
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "1 teaspoon to each cup boiling water, infuse 15 minutes"]. Robinson.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "à l’état frais […] 50 à 100 g par litre d’eau"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French herbalist and contemporary French gardener Pierre, M., & Lis, M. (2022). Secrets des plantes pour se soigner naturellement [p. 252, "[plante] en […] lotions ou [en] compresses […] en décoction légère pendant 2 minutes […] une cuillérée à soupe de plantes par tasse"]. Editions Artémis.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "porter à ébullition 1,5 g de [feuille] finement coupée additionée d’eau froide ou verser de l’eau bouillante sur la drogue, filtrer après 5 à 10 min"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Internal infusion
Infuse approx. 2 g of dried leaves in 150 ml of boiling water for 10 minutes off the heat, filter and drink 2 to 3 cups per day 10
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "1 teaspoon to each cup boiling water, infuse 15 minutes, one-third-1 cup"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 344, "30 à 60 g de feuilles par litre d’eau, laisser bouillir 5 minutes et infuser 10 minutes, prendre 3 à 4 tasses par jour"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "porter à ébullition 1.5 g de drogue, infuser 5 à 10 minutes […] 1 tasse plusieurs fois par jour"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "à l’état frais […] 50 à 100 g par litre d’eau"]. Omnibus.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 368, "1 cuillerée à soupe [de feuille] pour 1/4 de litre d’eau bouillante, laisser infuser 10 minutes, boire 3 ou 4 tasses par jour et sucrez avec du miel"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary French herbalist and contemporary French gardener Pierre, M., & Lis, M. (2022). Secrets des plantes pour se soigner naturellement [p. 252, "en décoction légère pendant 2 minutes […] une cuillérée à soupe de plantes par tasse […] deux ou trois tasses par jour"]. Editions Artémis.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 436, "infusion de feuilles […] 1 poignée par litre, bouillir, infuser 10 minutes, 3 verres par jour"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "a cuillère à soupe par tasse, décoction 2 minutes puis infusion 10 minutes, 2 à 4 tasses par jour"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "porter à ébullition 1,5 g de [feuille] finement coupée additionée d’eau froide ou verser de l’eau bouillante sur la drogue, filtrer après 5 à 10 min, boire une taasse […] sucrée au miel plusieurs fois par jour"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 412, "the leaves are given as a tea in hot infusion"]. North Atlantic Books.
Syrup internally
Take 1 teaspoon of dried leaf syrup 2 to 3 times a day 1
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "pour soigner les rhumes […] en sirop"]. Editions Ulmer.
Internal tincture
Take 10 drops of alcohol tincture of dried leaves diluted in a glass of water 2 times a day 1
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "la teinture de pulmonaire est un remède éprouvé […] 10 gouttes deux fois par jour"]. Editions Ulmer.
15 plant properties
Anti-bacterial 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "antibiotic"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "antibiotics"]. Quercus.
Anti-diarrhoeic 2
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "anti-diarrhéique"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "antidiarrhéique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Anti-inflammatory 2
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "anti-inflammatoires"]. Editions Ulmer.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 368, "calme l’inflammation"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
Antitussive 2
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 368, "apaise la toux"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary French herbalist and contemporary French gardener Pierre, M., & Lis, M. (2022). Secrets des plantes pour se soigner naturellement [p. 252, "soulager la toux"]. Editions Artémis.
Aperitive 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "orexigenic"]. Robinson.
Astringent 11
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "astringent"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "astringent"]. Quercus.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 883, "astringentes"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 267, "astringent"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "astringente"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "astringente"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 259, "astringentes"]. Larousse.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 368, "astringente"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 435, "astringent"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "astringent"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 411, "astringent"]. North Atlantic Books.
Demulcent 8
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "demulcent"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "demulcent"]. Quercus.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 883, "adoucissante"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 344, "adoucissante"]. Larousse.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "adoucissante"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 205, "soothing"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist and contemporary French gardener Pierre, M., & Lis, M. (2022). Secrets des plantes pour se soigner naturellement [p. 252, "adoucissante"]. Editions Artémis.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 435, "adoucissant"]. Editions Vigot.
Diaphoretic 4
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "sudorifique"]. Omnibus.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 368, "favorise la transpiration"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 435, "sudorifique"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "sudorifique"]. Editions Amyris.
Diuretic 3
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 90, "diurétiques"]. Editions Grancher.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 368, "diurétique"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "diurétique"]. Editions Amyris.
Emollient 8
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 883, "émolliente"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 344, "émolliente"]. Larousse.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "émolliente"]. Omnibus.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 368, "émolliente"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary French herbalist and contemporary French gardener Pierre, M., & Lis, M. (2022). Secrets des plantes pour se soigner naturellement [p. 252, "émolliente"]. Editions Artémis.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 435, "émollient"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "émollient"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "émollient"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Expectorant 10
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "expectorant"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 213, "expectorant"]. Quercus.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 883, "difficulté d’expectorer"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 343, "expectorant"]. Larousse.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "expectorant"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 205, "expectorant"]. Hermes House.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 368, "expectorante"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary French herbalist and contemporary French gardener Pierre, M., & Lis, M. (2022). Secrets des plantes pour se soigner naturellement [p. 252, "expectorante"]. Editions Artémis.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "expectorant"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "expectorant"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Haemostatic 6
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "haemostatic"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "staunch bleeding"]. Quercus.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 883, "styptique"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 267, "stop bleeding"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 259, "arrêter les saignements"]. Larousse.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 368, "hémostatique"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
Immunostimulant 1
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "stimuler les défenses immunitaires"]. Editions Ulmer.
Pectoral 5
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 883, "pectorale"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 343, "pectorales"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "pectorales"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "pectorale"]. Omnibus.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 435, "pectoral"]. Editions Vigot.
Vulnerary 4
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "cicatrisantes"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 286, "cicatrisante"]. Editions Grancher.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 368, "vulnéraire"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "vulnéraire"]. Editions Amyris.
34 constituents
Allantoin 9
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "allantoins"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 266, "allantoin"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 344, "allantoïne"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "allantoïne"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 259, "allantoïne"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 286, "allantoïne"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "allantoïne"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "allantoïne"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 411, "allantoin"]. North Atlantic Books.
Calcium 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "calcium"]. Omnibus.
Ceryl alcohol 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "alcool cérylique"]. Omnibus.
Chlorogenic acid 3
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "acide […] chlorogénique"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "acide chlorogénique"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "acides chlorogénique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Ergosterol 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "ergosterol"]. Robinson.
Flavonoid 8
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "flavonoids"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 266, "flavonoids"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 344, "flavonoïdes"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 259, "flavonoïdes"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Fructan 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "fructanes"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Gallotannin 1
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "tanins galliques"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Invert sugar 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "sucre interverti"]. Omnibus.
Kaempferol 2
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "kaempférol"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "kaempférol"]. Editions Amyris.
Kaempferol glycoside 2
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "hétérosides du kaempférol"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "hétérosides du kaempférol"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Linoleic acid 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "linoleic acid"]. Robinson.
Lipid 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "matières grasses"]. Omnibus.
Mineral salt 6
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 344, "sels minéraux"]. Larousse.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "substances minérales"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 259, "sels minéraux"]. Larousse.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 367, "sels minéraux"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 364, "sels minéraux"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 411, "mineral salts"]. North Atlantic Books.
Minerals 3
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "minéraux"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 286, "minéraux"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "minéraux"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Mucilage 12
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "mucilage"]. Quercus.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 883, "mucilagineux"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 266, "mucilage"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 344, "mucilages"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "mucilages"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "mucilages"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 205, "mucilage"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 259, "mucilage"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 158, "mucilage"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 364, "mucilages"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "mucilages"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 411, "mucilage"]. North Atlantic Books.
Organic acid 1
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "acides organiques"]. Editions Ulmer.
Palmitic acid 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "palmitic acid"]. Robinson.
Phenolic acid 1
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "acides phénoliques"]. Editions Ulmer.
Phlobaphene 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "phlobaphène"]. Omnibus.
Phytosterol 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "phytostérine"]. Omnibus.
Polysaccharide 2
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "polysaccharides"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 90, "polysaccharides"]. Editions Grancher.
Potassium salts 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "sels de potasse"]. Omnibus.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid 3
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "alcaloïdes pyrrolizidiniques"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "pyrrolizidines (root)"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 286, "alcaloïdes pyrrolizidiniques en petite quantité"]. Editions Grancher.
Quercetin 2
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "quercétine"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "quercétol"]. Editions Amyris.
Quercetin glycoside 2
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "hétérosides […] du quercétol"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "hétérosides du […] quercétol"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Resin 2
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "matières […] résineuses"]. Omnibus.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 367, "résine"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
Rosmarinic acid 4
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "acide rosmarinique"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "acide rosmarinique"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "acide rosmarinique"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "acides […] rosmarinique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Saponin 9
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "saponin"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "saponins"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 266, "saponins"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 344, "saponosides"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "saponine pure"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "saponines"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 259, "saponine"]. Larousse.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 367, "saponine"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 411, "saponins"]. North Atlantic Books.
Silica 4
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "silica"]. Quercus.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "silice"]. Omnibus.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 367, "silice"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 411, "silica"]. North Atlantic Books.
Silicic acid 8
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 213, "silicic acid"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 344, "acide silicique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "acide silicique"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "acide silicique"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "acide silicique"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 259, "acide silicique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "acide silicique"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "acide silicique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Tannin 12
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "tannins"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "tannins"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 266, "tannins"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 344, "tanins"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "tanins"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "tannins"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 800, "tanin"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 259, "tanins"]. Larousse.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 367, "tanin"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "tanins"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "tanins"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 411, "tannins"]. North Atlantic Books.
Vitamin 1
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 344, "vitamines"]. Larousse.
Vitamin C 5
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "vitamin C"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "acide ascorbique"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 259, "vitamine C"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "acide ascorbique"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "acides […] ascorbique"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
13 common names
Common lungwort 1
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 707, "common lungwort"]. Tiger Books International.
Herb of Mary 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "herb of Mary"]. Quercus.
Jerusalem cowslip 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "Jerusalem cowslip"]. Quercus.
Joseph and Mary 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "Joseph and Mary"]. Quercus.
Lungwort 9
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "lungwort"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "lungwort"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 266, "lungwort"]. Penguin Random House.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 799, "lungwort"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 205, "lungwort"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist and contemporary French gardener Pierre, M., & Lis, M. (2022). Secrets des plantes pour se soigner naturellement [p. 252, "lungwort"]. Editions Artémis.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 158, "lungwort"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 480, "lungwort"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 411, "lungwort"]. North Atlantic Books.
Maple lungwort 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "maple lungwort"]. Quercus.
Mary’s tears 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 213, "Mary’s tears"]. Quercus.
Sage of Bethlehem 2
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "Bethlehem sage"]. Quercus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 707, "Sage of Bethlem"]. Tiger Books International.
Sage of Jerusalem 2
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 707, "Jerusalem sage"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 480, "sage of Jerusalem"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Soldiers and sailors 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "soldiers and sailors"]. Quercus.
Spotted comfrey 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "spotted comfrey"]. Quercus.
Spotted dog 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "spotted dog"]. Quercus.
Virgin Mary’s milkdrops 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "virgin Mary’s milkdrops"]. Quercus.
scientific name
Pulmonaria officinalis 20
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 278, "Pulmonaria officinalis L."]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. Quercus.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 883, "Pulmonaria officinalis L."]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 266, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 343, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "Pulmonaria sp. L."]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 799, "Pulmonaria officinalis L."]. Omnibus.
- 20th century English herbalist Grieve, M. (1931). A modern herbal: the medicinal, culinary, cosmetic, and economic properties, cultivation, and folklore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs, and trees with all their modern scientific uses. [p. 707, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. Tiger Books International.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 205, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 259, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 62, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. Editions Grancher.
- French herbalist of the twentieth century Mulot, M.-A. (1987). Secrets d'une herboriste : 250 plantes médicinales [p. 367, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. Edition du Club France Loisirs.
- Contemporary French herbalist and contemporary French gardener Pierre, M., & Lis, M. (2022). Secrets des plantes pour se soigner naturellement [p. 252, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. Editions Artémis.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 158, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Twentieth century French physician Valnet, J. (2001). La phytothérapie : se soigner par les plantes [p. 435, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. Editions Vigot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2018). Plantes médicinales et tempéraments : aux sources d’une phytothérapie traditionnelle [p. 141, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 364, "Pulmonaria officinalis L."]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 480, "Pulmonaria officinalis L."]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 411, "Pulmonaria officinalis"]. North Atlantic Books.
Conditions of use
Contraindications
No known contraindications 3
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "aucune connue"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary German herbalists Fleischhauer, S. G., & Sussmuth, A. (2021). Plantes sauvages médicinales, les 50 plantes essentielles et leurs usages [p. 115, "aucune n’est connue"]. Editions Ulmer.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 365, "aucune aux doses recommandées"]. Editions Amyris.
Toxicity
The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note
Side effects
No known side effects 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "aucun connu"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
Drug interactions
No known drug interactions 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "aucune connue"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
Precautions for use
Leaves can cause skin irritations 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 212, "leaves can act as a skin irritant"]. Quercus.
The use of this plant is regulated in many countries 3
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 267, "lungwort is subject to legal restrictions in some countries"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 266, "l’emploi de cette plante est très reglementé dans nombre de pays européens"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 259, "l’emploi de la pulmonaire est réglementé dans de nombreux pays"]. Larousse.
Unlike the majority of Boraginaceae family members, the common lungwort would only contain negligible traces of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in its leaves, nevertheless, prolonged use should be avoided 5
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 266, "pyrrolizidine alkaloids occur in the roots, but in negligible quantities in the leaves"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 344, "la plante ne contient pas d’alcaloïdes, contrairement à la plupart des autres membres de sa famille"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 259, "contrairement aux autres sous-espèces de borraginacées, elle ne contient pas d’alcaloïdes"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 286, "pas d’usage prolongé. à éviter sans doute"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 481, "des études détaillées utilisant la chromatographie gazeuse n’ont pu permettre [la] détection [d’alcaloïdes pyrrolizidiniques"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
Children
The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note
Pregnant or breastfeeding women
The documents reviewed did not mention any data on this subject 1
- Phyto-info note
Energetics
Tastes
Earthy 1
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 411, "earthen"]. North Atlantic Books.
Mucilagenous 2
- Contemporary Austrian Doctor of Pharmacy and French Doctor of Pharmacy Wichtl, M., & Anton, R. (2003). Plantes thérapeutiques: tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique (2e éd.) [p. 480, "légèrement mucilagineuse"]. Editions TEC & DOC.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 411, "mucilagenous"]. North Atlantic Books.
Elementary energies
Cool and dry 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2018). Plantes médicinales et tempéraments : aux sources d’une phytothérapie traditionnelle [p. 141, "froid et sec"]. Editions Amyris.