Introduction
This page is the result of the aggregation of content from 28 sources. At Phyto-info, we have indexed, assembled and synthesized all the information found to summarize it, to make it readable and easy to access. We have carefully selected our sources from recognized and reliable people.
- Physician(s) 6
- Pharmacist(s) 6
- Herbalist(s) 13
- Other 3
- Physician Dr. Éric Lorrain is a phytotherapist in Grenoble. He chairs the European Institute of Plant Substances and teaches herbal medicine in the context of inter-university degrees and training for health professionals.
- Physicians Dr. Patrick Depoërs graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of Lille in 1984; he practices homeopathy, acupuncture, phytotherapy, aromatherapy, nutritherapy and osteopathy in Dunkirk. Dr. Franck Ledoux obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1982 from the Lille University Hospital; He practices holistic medicine. Dr. Philippe Meurin obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1988, he also graduated in acupuncture, homeopathy and phytotherapy; he teaches at the GREAT.
- Physician & Biologist Dr. Christof Jänicke (1953-2017), was a doctor and worked as a pediatric surgeon in a clinic in Berlin. Its co-author, Dr. Jörg Grünwald, worked in Germany as a biologist for medical research, he also specializes in herbal medicine.
- Physician Dr Jean Morel has been a doctor in Besançon since 1980. A student of Dr. Jean Valnet, he is president of the Franche-Comté Society of Société Franc-comtoise de Phytothérapie et d'Aromathérapie created in 1982. He has been using plants for more than thirty years and is a lecturer in the university degree in phytotherapy and aromatherapy at the faculty of Besançon.
- Physician Dr. François-Joseph Cazin (1788-1864) was a French physician. Author of an imposing Practical and Reasoned Treatise on Indigenous Medicinal Plants, he is considered the ancestor of the French school of phytotherapy.
- Doctor & Ethnobotanist Dr. Gérard Debuigne is a French doctor, specializing in phytotherapy and nutrition. Hi co-author, Dr. François Couplan is a French ethnobotanist and writer, specializing in the traditional uses of wild edible plants, which he has studied on all five continents and of which he is a pioneer in Europe.
- Pharmacists Dr. Claudine Luu is a doctor of pharmacy and natural sciences, she founded the Phytofrance laboratory, as well as the oldest herbalist school in France, IMDERPLAM located in the Hérault. Its co-author, Dr. Annie Fournier, is a doctor of pharmacy, specializing in phytotherapy and relaxation therapies.
- Researcher, Pharmacist & Herbalist Dr Monique Simmonds is Deputy Director of Science at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and has over 30 years' experience in different aspects of medicinal plant research. Dr Melanie-Jayne Howes, a registered pharmacist and chemist, completed a PhD in pharmacognosy before being appointed Plant Chemist at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Jason Irving is an herbalist and over the past five years has taught hundreds of people how to find, identify and use wild plants at his foraging and herbal medicine courses in London.
- Pharmacist Dr Jean Bruneton, honorary university professor, taught pharmacognosy at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Angers for 30 years. He is also a specialist in phytochemistry and has co-authored a hundred international scientific publications.
- Pharmacist Dr. Gilles Corjon is a doctor of pharmacy. Dr. Gilles Corjon is a doctor of pharmacy. Co-manager of a traditional herbalist shop for more than 25 years, he is currently a teacher and scientific director at the Lyon School of Medicinal Plants and Natural Knowledge.
- Pharmacists Dr. Jacques Fleurentin is a doctor of pharmacy, lecturer at the University of Metz and President of the French Society of Ethnopharmacology. Its co-author, Dr. Jean-Claude Hayon, is a pharmacist and professor of botany.
- Pharmacist Dr. Carole Minker, pharmacist, has studied the traditional uses of medicinal plants by people around the world.
- Herbalist Matthew Wood has been an herbalist for over 35 years in the United States. He holds a Master of Science in the field of medicinal plants from the Scottish School of Herbal Medicine, a degree recognized by the University of Wales in Scotland.
- Herbalist Andrew Chevallier is an experienced medical herbalist and author of books on botanical medicine. He is a member and past president of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists and a member of the College of Practitioners of Herbal Medicine. He also helped found the Herbal Medicine Course at Middlesex University.
- Herbalist Born in Silchester, Hampshire, Alys Fowler studied at the Royal Horticultural Society, the Royal Botanic Gardens in London, and then the Botanic Gardens in New York, before returning to the UK to complete a master's degree at UCL in 2002. Alys spent a few years presenting the BBC's Gardeners' World series and has since become a prominent horticultural journalist, writing a popular weekly column in the Guardian.
- Herbalist Paul Iserin is head of the phytotherapy department at the Bobigny Faculty of Medicine.
- Herbalist Thomas Bartram is a medical herbalist. He has lived and worked in Christchurch, Dorset in England. A Fellow of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists, the Royal Society of Health and the Health Food Institute, he was also the Editor of the journal 'Health for Herbs'.
- Herbalist Terry Breverton, a contemporary British author with a passion for Welsh heritage, has rewritten Culpeper's famous book for a more modern audience. Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) was an English botanist known as the poor man's doctor, making herbal medicine accessible to all. His book, commonly referred to as Culpeper's Complete Herbal, was a huge success when it was first published and has been reprinted ever since.
- Herbalist Michel Dubray is an herbalist, a diploma approved by the French community in Belgium. He is also a nutritherapist who graduated from the School of Natural Medicine and Ethnomedicine in Paris.
- Herbalist Yves Vanopdenbosch is a graduate hospital nurse trained in Belgium, he directs the École des Plantes where he teaches traditional European phytotherapy.
- Herbalist Paul-Victor Fournier (1877-1964) was a French canon and botanist. His major work, 'Les quatre flores de France', published between 1934 and 1940, remains a reference work for the identification of plants in the field.
- Herbalist Jessica Houdret has a passion for herbs, she has grown them commercially and has led workshops on their many uses. She served on the board of the British Herb Trade Association for several years and served as a director.
- Herbalist Michael Moore (1941 – 2009) was an American herbalist. He wrote the Matière Médicale, which is the most widely used to date in English-speaking countries, specifying the methods of preparation and dosages of classical medicinal plants.
- Herbalist Dr. François Couplan is a French ethnobotanist and writer, specializing in the traditional uses of wild edible plants, which he has studied on all five continents and of which he is a pioneer in Europe.
- Herbalist Ève Gaignard, trained in phytotherapy, puts her knowledge both on plants and on the creation of spaces, at the service of projects that respect nature or training around medicinal plants. Xavier Mathias is an author, farmer and trainer around agroecology and permaculture.
- Journalist Philippe Chavanne is a French journalist and writer. He writes books that put nature and its benefits back at the center of daily life.
- Publisher Dr. Anne-Claire Gagnon and colleagues wrote this book published by Éditions Vidal, a specialist in health information. It provides scientifically validated information on the benefits of medicinal plants.
- Journalist Sophie Lacoste, editor-in-chief of Rebelle-Santé magazine, has also run the health section of TV magazine for around twenty years.
However, Phyto-info is not responsible for what these sources tell us. We only report them in a different format.
Practical information
Family
Asteraceae
Parts used
- Flowering top
- Leaf
Picking info
- Harvest between June and July during flowering the flowering tops with part of the stems and leaves, dry in the shade and in the open air, then store in an airtight container away from light and humidity
Medicine cabinet
- Dried flowering tops
- Dried flowering tops powder
- Dried flowering tops tincture
- Infused oil of dried flowering tops
57 traditional uses
Dosages
Internal intake
Eat 2 to 3 fresh leaves every day with bread to avoid canker sores 6
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 183, "fresh leaves, 1 or 2 large every day until positive results achived, if too acrid, may be eaten with bread"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "up to four leaves eaten daily sandwiched in bread"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "eat 2-3 leaves daily on a piece of bread"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 107, "3 leaves a day [with bread]"]. Penguin.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 227, "eaten usually sweetened with honey"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "2 ou 3 feuilles chaque jour sur du pain"]. Larousse.
External infusion
Infuse approx. 5 g dried flowering tops in 150 ml (1 teacup) of boiling water for 10 minutes off the heat, strain and use lukewarm as compresses or mouthwashes 2
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 620, "13 à 30 gr. par kilogramme d’eau"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 278, "30 à 60 g par litre"]. Omnibus.
Internal infusion
Infuse approx. 4 g dried flowering tops in 150 ml (1 teacup) of boiling water for 10 minutes off the heat, strain and drink 2 to 3 cups per day 9
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 620, "infusion 4 à 12 g par kilogramme d’eau"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "1 c. à c. pour 15 cl d’eau frémissante […] trois à quatre fois quotidiennement une dizaine de minutes avant les repas"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "une cuillère à café de plante séchée pour 1 bol, porter à ébullition et hors du feu, laisser infuser 10 minutes […] boire 2 à 3 tasses par jour"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "verser de l’eau bouillante sur 2 c à c de drogue, infuser 10 minutes, boire 2 à 3 tasses avant les repas"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "en infusion 15 minutes, 2,5 à 5 g pour 1/2 litre d’eau à boire par jour"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 278, "4 à 12 g par litre d’eau bouillante, 1 tasse avant chaque repas"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 522, "infusion de 2,5 à 5 g de fleurs séchées par tasse, 2 à 3 fois par jour"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "4 à 12 g/l d’eau bouillante, 1 tasse avant chaque repas […] digestif, après le repas […] ballonnements"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "1 cuillère à café par tasse, infusion 5 minutes, 2 à 3 tasses par jour"]. Editions Amyris.
External oil macerate
Apply the infused oil as needed and gently massage the affected area 1
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 189, "external oil"]. North Atlantic Books.
Powder of dried plants internal intake
Take 0.1 g of dry plant powder daily for up to 2 months 4
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 947, "100 mg/j de poudre de plante (2 mois)"]. Lavoisier.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 620, "poudre, 1 à 4 gr. en potion, pilules ou dans un liquide"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "100 mg capsule daily"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "100 mg chaque jour"]. Larousse.
Internal tincture
Take 10 to 20 drops diluted in a glass of water 1 to 3 times a day 7
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 183, "5-20 drops[…] thrice daily"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "takes 10 drops a day"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "en cas de crises migraineuses […] 10 gouttes dans un peu d’eau toutes les 30 minutes"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 522, "25 à 50 gouttes 1 à 2 fois/ jour dans un verre d’eau"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "3 à 5 ml/jour jusqu’à obtenir des résultats"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary American herbalist Moore, M. (1995). Herbal materia medica [p. 13, "30-60 drops, to 4X a day"]. Southwest school of botanical medicine.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "XX gouttes 2 à 3 fois par jour dans un peu d’eau"]. Editions Amyris.
37 plant properties
Abortifacient 1
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 189, "somewhat abortifacient"]. North Atlantic Books.
Analgesic 6
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "analgesic"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 105, "analgesic"]. Penguin.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "analgésique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 520, "antalgique"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "antalgique"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 192, "pain-relieving"]. Frances Lincoln.
Anti-allergic 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "antiallergique"]. Editions Amyris.
Anti-bacterial 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "antibactérien"]. Editions Amyris.
Anti-inflammatory 14
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "anti-inflammatory"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 945, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "anti-inflammatory"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 134, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 105, "anti-inflammatory"]. Penguin.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 157, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 520, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 192, "anti-inflammatory"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "anti-inflammatoire"]. Editions Amyris.
Anti-nausea 1
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 192, "cure nausea"]. Frances Lincoln.
Anti-thrombic 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "anti-thrombotic"]. Robinson.
Anti-tumoral 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 945, "anticancéreuse"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 520, "anticancéreuse"]. Dunod.
Antiaggregant 12
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "inhibits deposition of platelets"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "inhibits platelets aggregating"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 945, "inhibent l’agrégation plaquettaire"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "antiagrégant plaquettaire"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "inhibant l’agrégation plaquettaire"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "inhibe l’agrégation plaquettaire"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "inhibition du processus d’agrégation des plaquettes sanguines"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "réduisent l’agrégation des plaquettes"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 358, "inhibition du processus d’agrégation des plaquettes sanguines"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 520, "inhibition de l’agrégation plaquettaire"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 407, "inhibe l’agrégation plaquettaire"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "antiagrégant plaquettaire"]. Editions Amyris.
Antifungal 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "antifongique"]. Editions Amyris.
Antihistamine 4
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "antihistamine"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "inhibant […] la libération des substantes vasodilatatrices [histamine]"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 134, "inhibe […] la sécrétion d’histamine"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "inhibent […] la libération de […] l’histamine"]. Editions Ouest-France.
Antimigraine 10
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "anti-migraine"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 945, "antimigraineuse"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "antimigraineuse"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "anti-migraineux"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "antimigraineuse"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "antimigraineux"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 519, "antimigraineuses"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 488, "antimigraineux"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 179, "antimigraineuses"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "antimigraineux"]. Editions Amyris.
Antioxidant 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 521, "antioxydante"]. Dunod.
Antirheumatic 4
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "anti-rheumatic"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "antirheumatic"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "antirhumatismal"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "antirhumatismale"]. Terre Vivante.
Antiseptic 4
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "antiseptique"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "antimicrobienne"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 277, "antiseptique"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 521, "antiseptique"]. Dunod.
Antiserotonin 6
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 945, "inhibent […] la libération de sérotonine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "antisérotoninergique"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "inhibant […] la libération des substantes vasodilatatrices [sérotonine]"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 365, "diminue la production de sérotonine"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "inhibe […] la libération de sérotonine"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "inhinbent la libération de […] la sérotonine"]. Editions Ouest-France.
Antispasmodic 9
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "antispasmodic"]. Robinson.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 620, "antispasmodique"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "antispasmodique"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "anti-spasmodique"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 134, "antispasmodique"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 102, "antispasmodique"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 277, "antispasmodique"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "calme crampes"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "antispasmodique"]. Editions Amyris.
Aperitive 5
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "tonique amer"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "tonique amer"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "tonique amer"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 192, "boost appetite"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "tonique amer"]. Editions Amyris.
Apoptosis stimulant 1
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "stimuler l’apoptose […] des cellules cancéreuses [cancer du sein et de la prostate]"]. Artémis éditions.
Carminative 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "carminative"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "carminative"]. Artémis éditions.
Depurative 1
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 357, "dépurative"]. Marabout.
Digestive 5
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 102, "digestive"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 277, "digestive"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 357, "accélerer la digestion"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "améliore les fonctions digestives"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 192, "aid digestion"]. Frances Lincoln.
Diuretic 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "diuretic"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 102, "diurétique"]. Editions Ouest-France.
Emmenagogue 9
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 620, "emménagogue"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "emménagogue"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "promotes menstrual flow"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "emménagogue"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 102, "emménagogue"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 276, "emménagogues"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "stimule le flux sanguin des règles"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "emménagogue"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "emménagogue"]. Editions Amyris.
Febrifuge 15
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "febrifuge"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "bring down fevers"]. Quercus.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 621, "fébrifuge"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "reduces fever"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "fébrifuge"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "fébrifuge"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 102, "fébrifuge"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 277, "fébrifuge"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 106, "reduce a fever"]. Penguin.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 357, "fébrifuge"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 227, "lowers fever"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "fébrifuge"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "fébrifuge"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "fébrifuge"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 188, "fever remedy"]. North Atlantic Books.
Insecticidal 3
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "fly and flea repellent"]. Quercus.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 277, "insecticide"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "insectifuge"]. Editions Amyris.
Laxative 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "laxative"]. Robinson.
Musculotropic antispasmodic 1
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 134, "antispasmodique musculotrope"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
Nervine 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 105, "nervine"]. Penguin.
Neurotonic 1
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 192, "nerve tonic"]. Frances Lincoln.
Neurotropic antispasmodic 1
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 134, "antispasmodique […] neurotrope"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
Oxytocic 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "ocytocique"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "ocytocique"]. Editions Gisserot.
Parasiticide 5
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "vermifuge"]. Robinson.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 621, "anthelminthique"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "antiparasitaire"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 277, "vermifuge"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "vermifuge"]. Editions Amyris.
Sedative 3
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "tranquiliser"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "calmante"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 192, "relaxant"]. Frances Lincoln.
Stomachic 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 277, "stomachique"]. Omnibus.
Tonic 3
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 620, "stimulante"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 102, "stimulante"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 277, "légèrement tonique"]. Omnibus.
Vasodilator 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "vasodilator"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 227, "dilates blood vessels"]. Hermes House.
47 constituents
Acetic acid 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "acide […] acétique"]. Dunod.
Alpha-pinene 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "alpha-pinene"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "alphapinène"]. Larousse.
Angelic acid 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "acide […] angélique"]. Dunod.
Apigenin 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "apigénine"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "apigénine"]. Editions Amyris.
Artecanin 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "artécanine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "artécanine"]. Dunod.
Artemorin 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "artémorine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "artémorine"]. Dunod.
Beta-thuyone 1
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 188, "beta thujone"]. North Atlantic Books.
Bicyclogermacrene 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "bicyclogermacrène"]. Dunod.
Borneol 2
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "bornéol"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 278, "bornéol"]. Omnibus.
Camphene 4
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "camphène"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "camphène"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 407, "camphène"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "camphène"]. Editions Amyris.
Camphor 13
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "camphre"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "camphor"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 365, "camphre"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "camphre"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 245, "camphre"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "camphre"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 357, "camphre"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "camphre"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "camphre"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "camphre"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 407, "camphre"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "camphre"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 188, "camphor"]. North Atlantic Books.
Canin 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "canine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "canine"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 407, "canine"]. Editions Grancher.
Chrysanthemic acid 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "acide chrysanthémique"]. Dunod.
Chrysanthenyl acetate 7
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 945, "acétate de chrysanthémyle"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 365, "acétate de chrysanthémyle"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "acétate de chrysanthémyle"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 520, "acétate de chrysanthémyle"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "acétate de chrysanthémyle"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 407, "acétate de chrysanthémyle"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "acétate de chrysanthémyle"]. Editions Amyris.
Costunolide 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "costunolide"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "costulonide [sic]"]. Dunod.
Epoxyartemorin 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "époxyartémorine"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 407, "époxy-artémorine"]. Editions Grancher.
Essential oil 16
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "volatile oil"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "huile essentielle"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "volatile oil"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "huile essentielle"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 365, "essence aromatique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "huile essentielle"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 245, "H.E."]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "huile essentielle"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 278, "huile essentielle"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 357, "huile essentielle"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "huile essentielle"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "huile essentielle"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "huile essentielle"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 407, "huile essentielle"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "huile essentielle"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 188, "volatile oils"]. North Atlantic Books.
Ester 3
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "esters"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "ester"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "esters"]. Editions Amyris.
Eudesmanolide 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "eudesmanolide"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "eudesmanolides"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "eudesmanolide"]. Editions Amyris.
Farnesene 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "farnésène"]. Dunod.
Flavone glucuronate 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "glucuronates de flavones"]. Lavoisier.
Flavonoid 10
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "flavonoïdes"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 365, "flavonoïdes"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 245, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 357, "flavonoïdes liposolubles"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "flavonoïdes"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "flavonoïdes"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 407, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "flavonoïdes"]. Editions Amyris.
Germacranolide 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "germacranolide"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "germacranolides"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "germacranolide"]. Editions Amyris.
Germacrene D 2
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "germacrène D"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "germacrène D"]. Terre Vivante.
Guaianolide 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "guaianolides"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "guaianolides"]. Dunod.
Isovaleric acid 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "acide […] isovalérique"]. Dunod.
Ketone 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "cétones"]. Editions Amyris.
Luteolin 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "lutéoline"]. Editions Amyris.
Melatonin 3
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "mélatonine"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 519, "mélatonine (leaf)"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 188, "melatonin"]. North Atlantic Books.
Mineral salt 1
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "sels minéraux"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
Monoterpene 1
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "monoterpènes"]. Editions Amyris.
Mucilage 3
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 620, "mucilage amer"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "mucilage"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 188, "mucilage"]. North Atlantic Books.
Para-cymene 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "paracymène"]. Terre Vivante.
Parthenolide 14
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "parthenolides"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 943, "parthénolide"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "parthenolide"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "parthénolides"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 365, "parthénolide"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "parthénolide"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 245, "parthénolide"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "parthénolide"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 157, "parthénolide"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "parthénolide"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "parthénolides"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "parthénolides"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 179, "parthénolide"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "parthénolide"]. Editions Amyris.
Phenolic acid 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "acides phénols"]. Editions Gisserot.
Polyphenol 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 521, "polyphénols"]. Dunod.
Resin 2
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 620, "résine"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 188, "resin"]. North Atlantic Books.
Reynosin 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "reynosine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "reynosine"]. Dunod.
Santamarin 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "santamarine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "santamarine"]. Dunod.
Sesquiterpene 4
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "sesquiterpenes"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 357, "sesquiterpènes"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "sesquiterpènes"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "sesquiterpènes"]. Dunod.
Sesquiterpene lactone 14
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "sesquiterpene lactones"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "lactone sesquiterpénique"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "lactones sesquiterpéniques"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "sesquiterpene lactones"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "lactones sesquiterpéniques"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 365, "lactone sesquiterpénique"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "lactone sesquiterpénique"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 245, "lactones sesquiterpéniques"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "lactone sesquiterpénique"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "lactones sesquiterpéniques"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 520, "lactones sesquiterpéniques"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "lactones sesquiterpéniques"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 179, "lactones sesquiterpéniques"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "lactones sesquiterpéniques"]. Editions Amyris.
Tanaparthin 2
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "tanaparthine"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "tanaparthine"]. Dunod.
Tanetine 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 520, "tanétine"]. Dunod.
Tannin 2
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "tanins"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 188, "tannins"]. North Atlantic Books.
Terpene 3
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "terpène"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 278, "terpènes"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 188, "terpenes"]. North Atlantic Books.
Terpenoid 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "terpénoïdes"]. Dunod.
Trans-chrysanthenyl acetate 1
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 944, "acétate de trans-chrysanthémyle"]. Lavoisier.
13 common names
Altamisa 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "altamisa"]. Quercus.
Bachelor’s button (Tanacetum parthenium) 3
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "bachelor’s buttons"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 105, "bachelor’s button"]. Penguin.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 517, "bachelor’s buttons"]. Dunod.
Chamomile (Tanacetum parthenium) 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "chamomile"]. Quercus.
Common feverfew 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "common feverfew"]. Quercus.
Featherfew 2
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "featherfew"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 517, "featherfew"]. Dunod.
Featherfoil 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "featherfoil"]. Quercus.
Feverfew 15
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "feverfew"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "feverfew"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "feverfew"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "fever few"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 365, "feverfew"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "fever few"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 102, "feverfew"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 276, "feverfew"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 105, "feverfew"]. Penguin.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 226, "feverfew"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 517, "feverfew"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary American herbalist Moore, M. (1995). Herbal materia medica [p. 13, "feverfew"]. Southwest school of botanical medicine.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 192, "feverfew"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 216, "feverfew"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 187, "feverfew"]. North Atlantic Books.
Flirtwort 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "flirtwort"]. Quercus.
Golden feverfew 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 517, "golden feverfew"]. Dunod.
Midsummer daisy 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "midsummer daisy"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "midsummer daisy"]. Quercus.
Nosebleed (Tanacetum parthenium) 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "nosebleed"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "nosebleed"]. Quercus.
Wild chamomile (Tanacetum parthenium) 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "wild chamomile"]. Quercus.
Wild quinine 1
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "wild quinine"]. Quercus.
6 scientific names
Anthemys pyrethrum 1
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "Anthemys pyrethrum"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
Chrysanthemum parthenium 9
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "Chrysanthemum parthenium"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "Chrysanthemum parthenium"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 365, "Chrysanthemum parthenium"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "Chrysanthemum parthenium"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 276, "Chrysanthemum parthenium"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "Chrysanthemum parthenium"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 488, "Chrysanthemum parthenium"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary American herbalist Moore, M. (1995). Herbal materia medica [p. 13, "Chrysanthemum parthenium"]. Southwest school of botanical medicine.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 187, "Chrysanthemum parthenium"]. North Atlantic Books.
Leucanthemum parthenium 2
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 276, "Leucanthemum parthenium"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 488, "Leucanthemum parthenium"]. Terre Vivante.
Matricaria parthenium 4
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 619, "Matricaria parthenium L."]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "Matricaria parthenium"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 276, "Matricaria parthenium"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "Matricaria parthenium"]. Dunod.
Pyrethrum parthenium 7
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "Pyrethrum parthenium"]. Quercus.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 619, "Pyrethrum parthenium"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 276, "Pyrethrum parthenium"]. Omnibus.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 518, "Pyrethrum parthenium"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 488, "Pyrethrum parthenium"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary American herbalist Moore, M. (1995). Herbal materia medica [p. 53, "Pyrethrum parthenium"]. Southwest school of botanical medicine.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 187, "Pyrethrum parthenium"]. North Atlantic Books.
Tanacetum parthenium 25
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 943, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 192, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "Tanacetum parthemium"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary French doctor in ethnobotany Couplan, F. (2021). Bienvenue aux mauvaises herbes du jardin : elles soignent, elles nourrissent ou sont tout simplement esthétiques [p. 74, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician & ethnobotanist Débuigne, G., & Couplan, F. (2019). Le Petit Larousse des plantes médicinales [p. 365, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 133, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 245, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 102, "Tanacetum parthemium"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 105, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Penguin.
- Contemporary French Vidal Editions Gagnon, A.-C., Grole_idau, P., Korsia-Meffre, S., Richez, F., & Senart, S. (2010). Le guide des plantes qui soignent [p. 70, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Vidal.
- Contemporary French herbalist and contemporary French author Gaignard, È., & Mathias, X. (2021). Elles poussent elles soignent, 50 plantes à cultiver pour leurs bienfaits reconnus [p. 82, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 157, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 226, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French journalist Lacoste, S. (2022). Ma bible des plantes qui soignent: le guide de référence de la phytothérapie [p. 122, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Leduc.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 517, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 488, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Minker, C. (2015). 200 plantes qui guérissent [p. 261, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 179, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 192, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 216, "Tanacetum parthenium"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 187, "Tanacetum parthemium"]. North Atlantic Books.
Conditions of use
Contraindications
Contraindicated in case of allergy to asteraceae 8
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 947, "allergies aux astéracées"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "allergiques aux plantes de la même famille botanique"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "en cas d’allergies aux astéracées"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 107, "sensitive to the asteraceae family"]. Penguin.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 358, "contre-indiquée en cas d’allergie aux plantes de la famille des [astéracées]"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 521, "allergie déclarée aux astéracées"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary English Researcher, Doctor of Pharmacy and Herbalist Simmonds, M., Howes, M.-J., & Irving, J. (2016). The gardener's companion to medicinal plants: an A-Z of healing plants and home remedies [p. 192, "some people may have an allergic reaction after touching the plant"]. Frances Lincoln.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "allergies aux astéracées"]. Editions Amyris.
Contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to active substances 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 521, "hypersensibilité aux substances actives"]. Dunod.
Toxicity
None known 2
- Contemporary French physicians Depoërs, P., Ledoux, F., & Meurin, P. (2002). La phytothérapie entre science et tradition [p. 134, "pas de toxicité connue"]. Editions Amyris & Inspir.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 521, "aucune"]. Dunod.
Side effects
Risk of allergic reactions 5
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 183, "allergic effect rares"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "can cause allergic reactions in rare cases"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 358, "dans de rares cas […] réactions allergiques cutanées"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 227, "may cause dermatitis"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "cause rarement des réctions allergiques"]. Larousse.
Risk of canker sores when eating fresh leaves 7
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 183, "mouth ulcer, sore tongue, skin rash"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 946, "risque d’ulcération buccale (en cas de mastication des feuilles)"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "eating freash leaves may cause mouth ulcers"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "rares ulcérations des muqueuses buccales"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 107, "known to cause mouth blisters if eaten directly"]. Penguin.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 227, "mouth ulcers if consumed to excess"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "la consommation de feuilles fraîches peut provoquer des aphtes"]. Larousse.
Risk of digestive disorders 5
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 946, "risque […] de troubles digestifs"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "très rares cas […] peut entraîner de très légers troubles digestifs"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "des douleurs abdominales"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 358, "dans de rares cas […] des douleurs dans le bas-ventre, des diarrhées, des ballonnements, des flatulences, des nausées et des vomissements"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 521, "troubles gastro-intestinaux"]. Dunod.
Drug interactions
Do not use with a circulation treatment 2
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "incompatible avec d’autres traitements pour la circulation"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "incompatible avec d’autres traitements pour la circulation"]. Larousse.
Do not use with anticoagulants 7
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "thins the blood"]. Quercus.
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "interaction avec certains médicaments allopathiques anticoagulants"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "do not take feverfew if taking […] blood-thinning drugs"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 105, "may interfere with […] anticoagulant medications"]. Penguin.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 521, "en cas de prise […] d’anticoagulants"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "incompatible avec les traitements anticoagulants"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "prise de médicaments anticoagulants"]. Editions Amyris.
Do not use with antiplatelet agents 1
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 521, "en cas de prise d’antiagrégants plaquettaires"]. Dunod.
Do not use with aspirin or warfarin 2
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "do not take feverfew if taking warfarin"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 105, "may interfere with aspirin"]. Penguin.
Do not use with oral contraceptives 1
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 183, "not used […] by women on the contraceptive pill"]. Robinson.
Precautions for use
Do not take a cure for more than 4 months 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "ne pas poursuivre la cure plus de 4 mois"]. Terre Vivante.
Feverfew should not be confused with feverfew or german chamomille 2
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "ne doit pas être confondue avec la camomille allemande ni la camomille romaine"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 488, "fréquemment confondue avec la camomille romaine"]. Terre Vivante.
Children
Do not use in children under 18 years of age 3
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 947, "usage non recommandé avant l’âge de 18 ans"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "[pas] chez l’enfant de moins de 18 ans"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 521, "[pas chez les] enfants et […] adolescents de moins de 18 ans"]. Dunod.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women
Do not use if pregnant or breast-feeding 15
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 183, "not used in pregnancy"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Bruneton, J. (2016). Pharmacognosie: phytochimie, plantes médicinales (5e éd.) [p. 947, "usage non recommandé […] chez la femme enceinte ou qui allaite"]. Lavoisier.
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "ne doit pas être utilisée par les femmes enceintes et celles qui allaitent"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary English herbalist Chevallier, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of herbal medicine [p. 144, "do not take during pregancy"]. Penguin Random House.
- Contemporary French doctor of pharmacy Corjon, G. (2018). Se soigner par les plantes [p. 103, "à éviter pendant la grossesse (en raison d’un effet ocytocique) et l’allaitement"]. Editions Gisserot.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Dubray, M. (2018). Guide des contre-indications des principales plantes médicinales [p. 246, "on la déconseille pendant la grossesse"]. Editions Lucien Souny.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 103, "doit être évitée chez la femme enceinte et allaitante"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 105, "not to be used in pregnancy"]. Penguin.
- Contemporary German physician & biologist Grünwald, J., & Jänicke, C. (2006). Guide de la phytothérapie [p. 358, "consultez […] votre médecin pendant la grossesse et l’allaitement"]. Marabout.
- Contemporary French herbalist Iserin, P. et al. (2017). Larousse des plantes médicinales: identification, préparation, soins [p. 140, "déconseillée pendant la grossesse"]. Larousse.
- Contemporary French physician Lorrain, E. (2019). Grand manuel de phytothérapie [p. 521, "contre-indications […] femme enceinte et allaitante"]. Dunod.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 489, "interdite chez la femme enceinte"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary French physician Morel, J.-M. (2018). Traité pratique de phytothérapie. [p. 408, "interdite aux femmes enceintes et allaitantes"]. Editions Grancher.
- Contemporary Belgian Herbalist Vanopdenbosch, Y. (2022). Herba medicinalis: 210 monographies de plantes médicinales [p. 217, "contre-indications femme enceinte ou allaitante"]. Editions Amyris.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 189, "somewhat abortifacient"]. North Atlantic Books.
Energetics
Tastes
Acrid 3
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 183, "acrid"]. Robinson.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 620, "âcre"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 188, "pungent"]. North Atlantic Books.
Aromatic 4
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 620, "aromatique"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 105, "aromatic"]. Penguin.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 227, "aromatic"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 488, "aromatique"]. Terre Vivante.
Bitter 8
- Contemporary English herbalist Bartram, T. (1998). Bartram's encyclopedia of herbal medicine: the definitive guide to the herbal treatment of diseases [p. 182, "bitter"]. Robinson.
- Contemporary 17th century English herbalist Breverton, T., &Culpeper, N. (1653/2011). Breverton's complete herbal: a book of remarkable plants and their uses [p. 147, "bitter"]. Quercus.
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 620, "amère"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary French journalist Chavanne, P. (2022). Guide encyclopédique de la phytothérapie: soigner toutes les pathologies du quotidien à l'aide de 100 plantes médicinales [p. 193, "amère"]. Artémis éditions.
- Contemporary English herbalist Fowler, A. (2019). A modern herbal: plant-based medicine for a calmer, healthier life [p. 105, "bitter"]. Penguin.
- Contemporary English herbalist Houdret, J. (2011). The complete guide to garden herbs [p. 226, "bitterness"]. Hermes House.
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 488, "amère"]. Terre Vivante.
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 188, "bitter"]. North Atlantic Books.
Camphoraceous 1
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Luu, C., & Fournier, A. (2020). 300 plantes médicinales de France et d'ailleurs : identification, principes actifs, modes d'utilisation [p. 488, "camphrée"]. Terre Vivante.
Strong 1
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 276, "pénétrante"]. Omnibus.
Unpleasant 2
- Contemporary French doctors of pharmacy Fleurentin, J., & Hayon, J.-C. (2018). Du bon usage des plantes qui soignent [p. 102, "désagréables"]. Editions Ouest-France.
- Twentieth-century French botanist and canon Fournier, P.-V. (2010). Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales et vénéneuses de France [p. 276, "désagréables"]. Omnibus.
Elementary energies
Warm 2
- Nineteenth century French physician Cazin, F.-J. (1876). Traité pratique et raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes et acclimatées : avec un atlas de 200 plantes lithographiées (4e ed.) [p. 620, "chaude"]. P. Asselin, libraire de la faculté de medecine. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58310855/
- Contemporary American herbalist Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: a complete guide to old world medicinal plants (vol 1) [p. 188, "warm"]. North Atlantic Books.